Master of Science in International Business and Law

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Leveraging the Impact of Management Consultancies on Small Scale Business Performance In Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2021) Ibitoye Esther Oluwabusayo
Research Background: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are generally considered as the engine for innovation and employment generation. This has been attributed to their flexibility in responding to new opportunities and possibilities for rapid growth and development. More so, use of management consulting has been particularly linked to organizational performance. This study seeks to explore the use of management constancies by small scale enterprises in Nigeria and how it impacts on their business performance. Research Purpose: Most enterprises are often faced with the problem of poor managerial knowledge needed to provide quality service. However, studies have demonstrated connections between business success and effective managerial skill, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises. The aim of this study is therefore, to examine the impact of management consultancies on business performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Research Questions: The study was guided by three research objectives namely: i. What are the reasons for using management consulting among SMEs? ii. What are the selection criteria used in choosing management consultant among SMEs? iii. What are the factors affecting the use of management consultancy among SMEs? iv. What is the effect of management consulting selection criteria on performance? Method: The study adopted a descriptive research design. Quantitative data were collected through the use of online questionnaire. A total of one hundred SMEs were surveyed cutting across different sector of the economy. Data was analysed quantitatively using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: The study found low level of use of management consulting among the business owners. Also, trust and integrity and work experience were the principal factors influencing the use of management consulting. In terms of purpose for usage, management consulting was mostly used to solve ICT related problems, business financial/accounting matters, analysis of problems, investigating problems in business and training of employee. Overall, management consulting impacted positively on business performance.
Factors Determining the Adherence to Corporate Governance Codes: Case Study of The Banking Sector in Ireland
(Griffith College, 2021) Nnamdi Elvis Aroh
Corporate governance involves principles regulating the conduct of corporate business firms. It ensures transparency, accountability and upholds the interest of shareholders and stakeholders. Irish corporate governance is structured using the Comply-Explain (CEP) approach, where firms comply with corporate governance principles or explain reasons for non-compliance. This approach is said to be weak, inefficient as companies do not adhere to codes neither give sufficient reasons for non-adherence. This research investigates the adherence level of corporate governance codes amongst Irish banks. The research collects data from interviews of two bank managers and three bank boards of directors. Overall, the study discovers that earlier claims of the inefficiency, non-adherence and lack of sufficient explanations that trailed the CEP approach are false regarding Irish banks. The study finds that Irish banks adhere to corporate governance codes due to the impact of the Central Bank of Ireland, bank customers, and the role of the non-executive directors. The study also discovers the challenges associated with adherence to corporate governance codes in Ireland includes; a constant update of codes, lack of uniform implementation of regulations, and impacts on investors. It is, therefore, recommended that the earlier mentioned challenges be addressed through a time-efficient update of codes and creating a central standard for the implementation of regulations. This will improve the adherence to corporate governance principles for the growth and development of the Irish financial sector
The Impact of Technology on the Future of the Legal Industry
(Griffith College, 2021) Dikoum, Agnes-Clara
This dissertation explores the impact that technology has on the legal industry and its power to help law firms survive pandemics. The aim of this research is to assess the digital transformation implemented by legal firms as a result of the pandemic in the United States, Ireland and England. The focus of this research study would be looking at how the legal industry utilizes technology, how the industry perceive technology and how the usage in technology has altered due the pandemic. Based on this information, the goal would be to curate a framework for law firms to guide them on the effective way of implementing innovative technology. The research study will be influenced by the interpretivist paradigm. The research strategy adopted in this dissertation is a collective case study using qualitative data, specifically interviews. The collective case study was on lawyers working in different firms namely McCann FitzGerald, DLA Piper, Thomson Reuters, Zelle LLP, Addleshaw Goddard and a leading New York law firm. The findings have exposed various factors that influence the adoption of technology in the legal sector. As a result of the in vivo coding analysis, the findings were split into three categories namely culture, change and process. The findings on culture exposed that the billable hour is stifling the adoption of technology. In addition, the internal organization’s age, education and cosmopolitanism influences the adoption of technology. The major findings on change disclosed that law firms that have successfully adopted legal technology have started small and have made a gradual progression. Finally, the findings on process have exposed that successful deployment of technology in law firms occurs where the firm will collaborate with its IT team or experts in the field, prioritize their clients and utilize technology that is unique to their firm. Overall, judging from the literature review and the qualitative research in this dissertation law firms by nature are conservative and risk averse which naturally makes the industry reluctant to adopt innovation. However, the pandemic has encouraged and in some cases forced law firms to utilize technology. As a result of this, technology has vastly been viewed as a necessity in the legal sector. Effectively, the pandemic has been a driving force for many law firms to bridge the gap between firms acknowledging technology is important and implementing such technology.
‘The Customer Is Always Right’ an Analysis of the Impact of Consumer Buying Decisions on Marketing in Ecco Shoes.
(Griffith College, 2021) Kingsley Mbre, Edidiong
This dissertation analysed the overall impact consumer buying behaviour has on marketing strategies. The analysis was focused on Ecco shoes, a global European brand with locations in Ireland and its recent changes with branding and marketing strategies. This is a qualitative study with primary data collected through 7 interviews. The key contributor to the study is that consumers have an enormous impact to the marketing strategy of any business. This is because they have been prior research which suggest that marketing influences consumer buying behaviour. Although this is not entirely false, this paper proves that the consumers play as much as a role as the company’s marketing. Importantly, the analysis conducted established that consumers are keen to be involved in the creative progress of companies before the products are launched. This study concluded that Ecco Shoes must always be up to date with trends and be socially responsible in order to draw a younger audience to their consumer base, as well as be more aggressive with communication to keep consumers informed of initiatives. The theoretical contribution of this study is that there is no better time to be socially responsible, hence companies and SMEs should cultivate these practices as a norm in their values. Overall, this author recommends more transparency as required by the Consumer Protection Act 2007, as the first step towards the brands success. Finally, the paper concludes with some recommendations for future research as well as recommendation for Ecco Shoes, limitations to the paper and personal reflection
A Critical Appraisal of the Role of National Courts in the Arbitral Process: A Case Study of Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2021) Emmanson Okoroafor, Emeka
Using the illustrative example of the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1988, this research undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the concept of judicial intervention in the arbitral process from a Nigerian law perspective. The research approaches the study from the standpoint that despite the well documented successes of international commercial arbitration as a means of dispute resolution especially those arising from cross border transactions, one recurring controversy has been the question of the necessity or otherwise of the intervention of national courts in the arbitral process. Against that backdrop, the research, after interrogating the necessity for the intervention of national courts in the arbitral process and deciding that there is need for limited intervention by national courts to facilitate rather than impede the arbitral process, then proceeds to examine the correct extent of and the instances when such intervention is required. Very importantly too, the research poses for itself, the question of what extent is the current Nigerian arbitration legal framework a barrier to the observance of the doctrine of non-intervention of national courts in the arbitral process and what are the prospects for reform. To answer that, the relevant provisions of the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act relating to the question of judicial intervention in the arbitral process are examined in detail to highlight their imperativeness or otherwise. In this regard, the provisions of the Act are considered in three broad stages of the arbitral process: after the institution of the arbitration; the stage of the arbitration proceedings proper; and at the post award stage of recognition and enforcement of awards. In the final analysis, the work proffers some policy recommendations. Specifically, the need for an urgent amendment of the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, the Bill for which has been pending before the Nigerian National Assembly for years was stressed. Key words – Arbitration, Arbitral process, Arbitral awards, judicial interference, judicial non-interference, jurisdiction, National courts, Nigerian courts.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) Competitiveness in Lagos, Nigeria.
(Griffith College, 2021) IDIKI GODDEY MONDAY KUKU
With Lagos State inhabiting the highest number of SMEs in Nigeria, there seems to be little to no study conducted on their competitiveness using corporate social responsibility (CSR) as the predicting variable. Due to this, this study examines the relationship and effect of CSR on the competitiveness of SMEs in the state and further suggests ways through which SMEs in the state can utilise CSR as a tool for sustainability. The study tackled the research problem via the lens of three theoretical frameworks: Stakeholder Theory, Social Contract Theory and Systems Theory. In achieving the research objectives and testing the study’s hypotheses, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. This study is premised upon the positivist research philosophy and hence adopts a quantitative approach in finding answers to the research questions. Moreover, the descriptive cross-sectional research design was also used. Data was collected using structured electronic survey questionnaires (Google Forms) and analysed using frequencies, percentages (descriptive statistics), simple regression and correlation (inferential statistics). This was done with the aid of the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results obtained indicated that CSR has a positive relationship with SMEs’ competitiveness while the legal dimension of CSR has a negative relationship with the competitiveness of SMEs. The study therefore concludes that an increase in the practice of CSR will lead to an increase in SMEs’ competitiveness while an increase in the implementation of the legal dimension of CSR will lead to a decrease in SMEs’ competitiveness. The study recommends that SMEs should utilise CSR a publicity/marketing tool to increase the public awareness of their businesses to generate more sales. Furthermore, CSR should be used by SMEs as a brand loyalty tool where customers become emotionally attached to their products/services. The study also advises the Lagos State government to reduce the tax burdens placed on SMES. Statutory provisions that are detrimental to the competitiveness of SMEs in the state should be repealed and replaced with favourable ones. Also, the government should increase the tax rate on large organisations that produce similar products/services with those of SMEs. Implementing these would greatly increase SMEs’ competitiveness in the state.
A Detailed Research On International Commercial Arbitration In Developing Countries Vis-À-Vis Developed Countries. A Case Study Of Ireland And Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2021) Samuel Adekunle Adegbite
Sweeping in front of the own door: Is it possible to hold corporations accountable for human rights violations under modern international law in the context of binding Business and Human Rights Treaty?
(Griffith College, 2021) Karina Savchuk
It has been generally accepted that nowadays corporations obtained more political and financial power than States. Considering controversial legal nature of this multinational entities there is currently no enforceable legal mechanism that can hold them accountable for human rights violations. Existing regulatory initiatives proved to be weak and ineffective with no binding power to impose human rights obligations on corporations. However, close examination and analyses of positive international law doctrine demonstrates that it is possible to hold corporations accountable under binding Business and Human Rights Treaty. The modern debate on binding human rights instrument was triggered by the proposal initiated by some states, initially by South Africa and Ecuador. This dissertation discusses whether the binding Business and Human Rights Treaty is necessary in order to hold corporations accountable under international law. First part addresses historical development of business and human rights debate, inter alia, codes of conduct and existing human rights initiatives. Second part of this research analyses direct and indirect approaches including comprehensive examination of corporate accountability and responsibility of states to protect human rights. Final part of this research is focused on the discussion in relation to the possibility of the adoption of binding international treaty, including content, limitations and recommendations for the future research. This part argues that Business and Human Rights Treaty is a necessary instrument that needs to be urgently considered and adopted by international community.
A Critical Evaluation Of The Extent To Which The Recognition Of The Right To Privacy For Individual Citizens Under The European Convention On Human Rights 1950 Is Supported By The Law Related To Data Protection In The European Union That Is Now Provided For Under The Gdpr
(Griffith College, 2021) Irerhievwie Emuesiri
This research focuses on the extent to which the right of privacy is being provided for under the General Data Protection Regulation as provided for under the European Convention on Human Rights 1950. It discusses the approaches currently adopted in ensuring the right of privacy and data protection in the European Union, the effectiveness of these approaches and the constraints militating against effective implementation of the law on data protection and the right to privacy for EU citizens. Data protection laws are fundamental in securing the rights of people, particularly their entitlement to privacy. In this vein, the EU gives a solid worldwide enactment which is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in managing the assortment and use of individual data by the private sector and the government. The research adopted a mixed approach by carryout out an extensive survey on fifty (50) individuals within and across the European Union, followed by interviews conducted with four respondents to provide findings, and thereafter themes were utilized in finalizing the analysis. The finding and discussion following the interviews and survey, in line with the objectives of the study, portrayed that the right of privacy is fully considered under the GDPR in the EU. This is due to the fact that one of the aims of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is to empower individuals to have control over their personal information. It was also shown that the current approaches utilized by organisations in compliance with the GDPR have been faced by some challenges which includes poor priority levels, issues regarding consent from customers and prospects, and the right to erasure. These challenges militate against effective implementation of the GDPR among firms. In ensuring adequate compliance with the GDPR, and also curbing the challenge of consent, organizations must ensure customers are aware of their rights to demand full details of the information held on them, and also to retrieve their data when it deems fit. The research came up with other viable recommendations which can be attributable in the future.
Data Protection An International And Local Application In The Sme Sector Since Gdpr.
(Griffith College, 2021) Brenda Jazmin Gallardo Hernandez
This paper examines the growing significance of Data Protection regulations, particularly the GDPR, in shaping business models and development amidst the digital transformation era. It highlights how countries like Ireland, with well-established community awareness, and Colombia, undergoing digitalization, face challenges in complying with these regulations, particularly for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study involved interviews with two SME owners and two legal experts from both Ireland and Colombia to understand their perspectives on GDPR compliance standards. Employing a qualitative approach and a constructivist paradigm, the research aimed to delve into participants' responses through semi-structured interviews and analyze the results to achieve its objectives. The findings of the study reveal a general positive awareness among SMEs regarding the existence and implications of Data Protection Regulations, despite ongoing challenges in achieving full compliance. This underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to support SMEs in navigating and adhering to regulatory requirements in the digital age.
An Appraisal on the Impact of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of the NIgerian Banking Sector: A Case Study of Fidelity Bank
(Griffith College, 2023) Kalu, Uchechukwu Godson
This study appraised the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of the Nigerian banking sector using Fidelity Bank as a case study. With the objective to evaluate how the board composition and other committees of the banks affect the bank’s financial performance, ascertain the role of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) as the regulator of the banks in Nigeria and explore the impacts these factors have on the financial prosperity of the bank. The pragmatic philosophical approach was used in this study. The results showed somewhat divergent perspectives on how corporate governance affects the financial success of Nigerian banks. Even though there weren't enough interviews, the research nevertheless outperformed other studies by analysing Fidelity Bank's financial statements and annual reports for the preceding five years, the most recent of which was in 2022. Questions about the effects of corporate governance on the financial performance of Nigerian banks, the impact of the board of directors and other bank committees on financial performance, and the CBN's role as the country's banking regulator were all addressed. Four employees of Fidelity Bank participated in a semi-structured interview to gather pertinent information, which was then analysed and used for more in-depth research. As previously mentioned, the bank's financial statements and annual reports for the previous five years were also examined, and the findings were compared with information from the interview. According to the analysis's findings, good corporate governance policies do influence the bank's financial success. As recommendations, in terms of the practice of corporate governance in Nigerian banks, it was advised that the role and position of external auditors be made available. It was also discovered that other bodies are tasked to regulate the activities of banks in Nigeria and the recommendation was given for those bodies to be unified into one. The CBN was also advised to intensify their regulatory functions. As for recommendations for future studies, it was advised that subsections of financial institutions should be studied without also ignoring market-based financial performance metrics and comparing them with other banks.
GDPR & Data Privacy: Impact of Data Protection in Irish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs).
(Griffith College, 2020) Pretty Falayi
Data privacy and protection is a concept which is developing due to the fast-paced evolution of information technology. The substantial reliance on technology especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic has peaked considerably. However, data protection laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is enforced to issue penalties in the event of any data breaches. Since the enforcement of the GDPR, all businesses have been mandated to implement the guidelines into their operations. However, the focus for the GDPR implementation and compliance have been majorly on large companies who are high regulators of data collection, processing, harvesting and storage. These large companies have contributed to a series of data breaches and violation of data privacy and protection laws put in place to curb such occurrences. The question therein lies about the state of implementation and compliance of small and medium sized businesses in Ireland. There is minimal attention on Irish SMEs to implement and comply with the GDPR. This study focuses on the impact, challenges and compliance of Irish SMEs in relation to data privacy and protection. It explores the importance of cyber and digital security to these businesses in relation to securing the personal data of their customers, employees and the business. It also portrays the opinions of the Irish SMEs about the General Data Protection Regulations and its relevance to their business operational standards. This study also presents the data analysis and findings derived from the interviews granted by willing Irish business representatives, managers and owners. It shares their perspectives and what they have experienced with the GDPR implementation and compliance. These perspectives were critically examined and evaluated for the purpose of this study.
Effects Of Stakeholder Management on the Sustainability of Small and Medium Scale Business.
(Griffith College, 2019) Ibukun Akinkunmi Oparinde
Sustainability is imperative; an integral part of any organizational goal. However, there exist little convergence on how organizations become sustainable. Whereas, there are divergence opinions among researchers on ways sustainability is best developed and implemented within organizations. This study achieves its aims of providing insight into how sustainability emerges within small and medize business (SMB) with much focus on the influence of its stakeholder management. Business sustainability in this context explain the level and ability of small and medium scale organization’s continuity. That is, the capacity of an organization to continue operating in a sustainable manner over a long period of time. This research takes a view to such business sustainability to be dependent on the level of its stakeholder management. For this research, an integrated methodology was deployed to examine from a qualitative viewpoint the overall effects of stakeholder management on the sustainability of small and medium-sized organizations. Specifically, business owners/managers from five SMEs who possess exemplary sustainability standings were approached to share their views on stakeholder management contributions to the organization sustainability. The findings of these interactions revealed that different viewpoints toward sustainability existed at the different studied organizations with all focus on people and profit. Question such as what steps has your organization/business taken in the past to be where you are today? Elicited answers like; active engagement with stakeholders, consistent quality services, proper training of staff, meeting customers’ needs when they want it, open communication, affordable price etc.
Appraisal of the Roles of Corporate Governance in Financial Institutions: An Irish Perspective.
(Griffith College, 2020) Stanley Osita Onwuka
The Role of Corporate Governance in Financial Institutions is the fulcrum on which this research work revolves. Corporate Governance entails that those at the helm of company’s affairs such as directors are accountable, responsible and sensitive to the stake of shareholders in the Organization, creditors, the entire public and the society, which is in fact, quite fundamental to any company. I will be considering one pertinent geographical region in this research which is Ireland and will be dividing my research into five chapters: Chapter one will describe the preliminaries such as the background of the study, statement of the problem, statement of hypothesis, the aims and objectives, scope and limitation of my research. The basis of the aforementioned chapter is to lay a proper foundation for my research work whilst I will review myriads of relevant literatures in Chapter two and these literatures will be reviewed under conceptual, empirical and theoretical frameworks. The rationale of review of the literatures is to decipher the gap in these literatures and how my research will fill in the identified gaps. In Chapter three, I will examine the appropriate research methodology that is apt for my research and will also identify the appropriate research design, population of the study, sample size, sampling technique and method of data collection and analysis. The gravamen of chapter three is to decipher the appropriate methodology that will be apt for this research. However, in Chapter four of this research, data collected from the field will be presented and analysed and appropriate findings stated. The nitty-gritty of Chapter four is to present and analyse the raw data gotten from the field in order to make a logical finding. The final chapter, which will be Chapter five, will conclude my research with recommendation, contribution to knowledge and suggested area for further research.
Examining the Relationship Between Employees Performance and Change Management in an Organisation: A case study of the Merger between Access bank and diamond bank
(Griffith College, 2020) Kehinde Oreoluwa Ayinla
Globalisation is increasing at a rapid rate, bringing with it changes in technological, political, socio-cultural, economic, and legal environment. Thus making it very important for organisations to oversee these changes and create strategies to help them adapt to it thereby making the environment favourable in terms of competition and remaining relevant in the industries. This study focused on examining the effect of change management on employee’s performance, using the merger of access bank and diamond bank as a case study. One hundred and sixty questionnaires that addressed the research questions were administered to respondents and one hundred and fifty were collected and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), a hypothesized relationship was tested using STATA which allowed the testing of complex relationships between variables. The model showed that communication and employee job-fit had a significant positive effect on employees performance, while leadership does not have a significant positive effect on employees performance but on employee-job fit. The study, therefore, recommends that organisations should select efficiently the process used to manage the merger and assign job roles that fit with the skills and knowledge of the employees following the merger, have different effective channels of communication that involves employees across the organisation and for managers to lead efficiently during the change process thereby enhancing their performance.
The Governing of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of the Regulator.
(Griffith College, 2020) Uchechukwu Dinah Agarry
This research explores the role of the regulator in the governing of corporate social responsibility. In order to achieve this, extant literature on the concept, debates and role of government was reviewed in order to identify the gap in knowledge posed by the research question “What is the role of the Regulator in the governing of orporate Social Responsibility?”. A force field analysis was used to develop the conceptual framework upon which the research was built. To answer the research question, qualitative data was gathered using the semi-structured interview method from four respondents. The interviews were transcribed using MAXQDA and analysed and a deductive research approach was used to identify recurring themes from the responses given by the interviewees. Given the nature of the research, an interpretivist research philosophy was employed. The research found that CSR as a moral obligation and as a business strategy are inextricably interdependent, secondly that there is no optimal level of regulatory involvement in CSR, it depends on the industry and finally that the pathway to a more socially responsible business lies in education over regulation. The implications of the findings were discussed, limitations of the research identified and recommendations for further research as well as the use of the findings in practice were given.
An Exploratory Study on the Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust: A Case Study on Selected Banks in Lagos Nigeria.
(Griffith College, 2020) Ayotobi Olaide Akala
Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Perspective.
(Griffith College, 2020) Osaretin Samuel Edosa
In this research, it was shown that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be described as a concept in which a company or organisation carries out business activities and makes a profit from a particular locality endeavour to contribute towards the sustenance of the society. The concept as largely misconstrued places more emphasis on the need for companies to interact with the society and create social amenities with or without the active participation of the community for which it is created for in the first place. However, during this research, it was discovered that it should mainly be a tripartite agreement where it would be more efficient where the government and the company should work hand in hand to ensure the initiatives are possible with all socio-political and economic factors available, while the members of the society at best should be able to take over the administration which is essentially aimed at giving the company a good exit strategy. The research showed that there are lapses especially coming down to the fact that (CSR) in a developing country like Nigeria uses frameworks that do not work based on our cultural and social background. This, in turn, led to the initiatives created to either go to waste or is mismanaged based on the fact that the people for which it is created for were either not carried along every step of the way, or did not show a need to participate based on the fact that they were not duly consulted. The findings and discussions carefully layout instances that are not only aimed at making it practiced better in Nigeria but also states recommendations that will make it more attainable in today’s world.
A Study of the Attitude of Malaysian Tertiary Education Students towards Entrepreneurship: Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Government Entrepreneurial Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture & Environment.
(Griffith College, 2020) Yap Keen Leong
This dissertation focused on exploring the development of entrepreneurship in Malaysia. This dissertation revealed the attitudes of student at tertiary education towards entrepreneurship in Malaysia by uncovering the development and impact of entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy, and entrepreneurial culture & environment in Malaysia. This dissertation aimed to develop a conceptual framework to examine the factors influencing and encouraging the creation of new entrepreneur. This research built on existing literatures relates to entrepreneurial development. The conceptual framework is intended to provide a starting point for scholars for further relevant research applicable in Malaysia. The approach taken by the dissertation was mainly exploratory in nature. The dissertation was investigated through a triangulation method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection. Quantitative studies were conducted through questionnaire survey and the questionnaire was framed based on the research objective and reflection of literature review. The questionnaire survey was completed via a purposive sampling method involving local students at tertiary education in Malaysia. Qualitative data was collected through interview with five Malaysian entrepreneurs with tertiary education qualification. Conclusion was established by analysing the impact of entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy, and entrepreneurial culture & environment to tertiary education students in Malaysia. In addition, strengths and shortcomings of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Malaysia have been identified and highlighted which require quick action to be taken by the government, academic institution, public and private sector.
An Analytical Study of Cryptocurrency and its Connection with Money Laundering Policies and Financial Terrorism and the Impact of Anti Money Laundering Policies upon it.
(Griffith College, 2020) Muhammad Junaid Khalid
Globalisation and technological advancements have improved every aspect of human life and advancements in trade and business environments have been improved exponentially. However, the development and advancement which has completely changed the method of business and trade is its financial transaction of the economic exchange process and the most significant development in this field is virtual currency or cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto and it was approved for operation in economic transactions in 2009 and hence, it became the first kind of cryptocurrency the 21st century observed and established as the replacement for tedious economic transactions. However, there are multiple situations that observe a sudden drop of faith and belief in the cryptocurrency transactional process and multiple rampant scams and corruptions contributed to developing this notion about the cryptocurrency and its association with financial terrorism and other illicit activities. Hence, with this research process, an outline has been selected so that all the loopholes and limitations of the anti-money-laundering policies could be identified with investigating the lack of central authorities in mind. This is the reason; a mixed method analytical (quantitative-qualitative) study has been conducted with the inclusion of experts from the UK and Ireland as research participants and the data collected from their interview and survey responses have been used to identify the answers this research finds through its comprehensive analysis.

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