Master of Science in International Business and Law

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A Critical Appraisal of the Role of National Courts in the Arbitral Process: A Case Study of Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2021) Emmanson Okoroafor, Emeka
Using the illustrative example of the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1988, this research undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the concept of judicial intervention in the arbitral process from a Nigerian law perspective. The research approaches the study from the standpoint that despite the well documented successes of international commercial arbitration as a means of dispute resolution especially those arising from cross border transactions, one recurring controversy has been the question of the necessity or otherwise of the intervention of national courts in the arbitral process. Against that backdrop, the research, after interrogating the necessity for the intervention of national courts in the arbitral process and deciding that there is need for limited intervention by national courts to facilitate rather than impede the arbitral process, then proceeds to examine the correct extent of and the instances when such intervention is required. Very importantly too, the research poses for itself, the question of what extent is the current Nigerian arbitration legal framework a barrier to the observance of the doctrine of non-intervention of national courts in the arbitral process and what are the prospects for reform. To answer that, the relevant provisions of the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act relating to the question of judicial intervention in the arbitral process are examined in detail to highlight their imperativeness or otherwise. In this regard, the provisions of the Act are considered in three broad stages of the arbitral process: after the institution of the arbitration; the stage of the arbitration proceedings proper; and at the post award stage of recognition and enforcement of awards. In the final analysis, the work proffers some policy recommendations. Specifically, the need for an urgent amendment of the Nigerian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, the Bill for which has been pending before the Nigerian National Assembly for years was stressed. Key words – Arbitration, Arbitral process, Arbitral awards, judicial interference, judicial non-interference, jurisdiction, National courts, Nigerian courts.
A Critical Evaluation Of The Extent To Which The Recognition Of The Right To Privacy For Individual Citizens Under The European Convention On Human Rights 1950 Is Supported By The Law Related To Data Protection In The European Union That Is Now Provided For Under The Gdpr
(Griffith College, 2021) Irerhievwie Emuesiri
This research focuses on the extent to which the right of privacy is being provided for under the General Data Protection Regulation as provided for under the European Convention on Human Rights 1950. It discusses the approaches currently adopted in ensuring the right of privacy and data protection in the European Union, the effectiveness of these approaches and the constraints militating against effective implementation of the law on data protection and the right to privacy for EU citizens. Data protection laws are fundamental in securing the rights of people, particularly their entitlement to privacy. In this vein, the EU gives a solid worldwide enactment which is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in managing the assortment and use of individual data by the private sector and the government. The research adopted a mixed approach by carryout out an extensive survey on fifty (50) individuals within and across the European Union, followed by interviews conducted with four respondents to provide findings, and thereafter themes were utilized in finalizing the analysis. The finding and discussion following the interviews and survey, in line with the objectives of the study, portrayed that the right of privacy is fully considered under the GDPR in the EU. This is due to the fact that one of the aims of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is to empower individuals to have control over their personal information. It was also shown that the current approaches utilized by organisations in compliance with the GDPR have been faced by some challenges which includes poor priority levels, issues regarding consent from customers and prospects, and the right to erasure. These challenges militate against effective implementation of the GDPR among firms. In ensuring adequate compliance with the GDPR, and also curbing the challenge of consent, organizations must ensure customers are aware of their rights to demand full details of the information held on them, and also to retrieve their data when it deems fit. The research came up with other viable recommendations which can be attributable in the future.
A Detailed Research On International Commercial Arbitration In Developing Countries Vis-À-Vis Developed Countries. A Case Study Of Ireland And Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2021) Samuel Adekunle Adegbite
A Study of the Attitude of Malaysian Tertiary Education Students towards Entrepreneurship: Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Government Entrepreneurial Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture & Environment.
(Griffith College, 2020) Yap Keen Leong
This dissertation focused on exploring the development of entrepreneurship in Malaysia. This dissertation revealed the attitudes of student at tertiary education towards entrepreneurship in Malaysia by uncovering the development and impact of entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy, and entrepreneurial culture & environment in Malaysia. This dissertation aimed to develop a conceptual framework to examine the factors influencing and encouraging the creation of new entrepreneur. This research built on existing literatures relates to entrepreneurial development. The conceptual framework is intended to provide a starting point for scholars for further relevant research applicable in Malaysia. The approach taken by the dissertation was mainly exploratory in nature. The dissertation was investigated through a triangulation method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection. Quantitative studies were conducted through questionnaire survey and the questionnaire was framed based on the research objective and reflection of literature review. The questionnaire survey was completed via a purposive sampling method involving local students at tertiary education in Malaysia. Qualitative data was collected through interview with five Malaysian entrepreneurs with tertiary education qualification. Conclusion was established by analysing the impact of entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy, and entrepreneurial culture & environment to tertiary education students in Malaysia. In addition, strengths and shortcomings of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Malaysia have been identified and highlighted which require quick action to be taken by the government, academic institution, public and private sector.
An Analytical Study of Cryptocurrency and its Connection with Money Laundering Policies and Financial Terrorism and the Impact of Anti Money Laundering Policies upon it.
(Griffith College, 2020) Muhammad Junaid Khalid
Globalisation and technological advancements have improved every aspect of human life and advancements in trade and business environments have been improved exponentially. However, the development and advancement which has completely changed the method of business and trade is its financial transaction of the economic exchange process and the most significant development in this field is virtual currency or cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto and it was approved for operation in economic transactions in 2009 and hence, it became the first kind of cryptocurrency the 21st century observed and established as the replacement for tedious economic transactions. However, there are multiple situations that observe a sudden drop of faith and belief in the cryptocurrency transactional process and multiple rampant scams and corruptions contributed to developing this notion about the cryptocurrency and its association with financial terrorism and other illicit activities. Hence, with this research process, an outline has been selected so that all the loopholes and limitations of the anti-money-laundering policies could be identified with investigating the lack of central authorities in mind. This is the reason; a mixed method analytical (quantitative-qualitative) study has been conducted with the inclusion of experts from the UK and Ireland as research participants and the data collected from their interview and survey responses have been used to identify the answers this research finds through its comprehensive analysis.
An Appraisal on the Impact of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of the NIgerian Banking Sector: A Case Study of Fidelity Bank
(Griffith College, 2023) Kalu, Uchechukwu Godson
This study appraised the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of the Nigerian banking sector using Fidelity Bank as a case study. With the objective to evaluate how the board composition and other committees of the banks affect the bank’s financial performance, ascertain the role of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) as the regulator of the banks in Nigeria and explore the impacts these factors have on the financial prosperity of the bank. The pragmatic philosophical approach was used in this study. The results showed somewhat divergent perspectives on how corporate governance affects the financial success of Nigerian banks. Even though there weren't enough interviews, the research nevertheless outperformed other studies by analysing Fidelity Bank's financial statements and annual reports for the preceding five years, the most recent of which was in 2022. Questions about the effects of corporate governance on the financial performance of Nigerian banks, the impact of the board of directors and other bank committees on financial performance, and the CBN's role as the country's banking regulator were all addressed. Four employees of Fidelity Bank participated in a semi-structured interview to gather pertinent information, which was then analysed and used for more in-depth research. As previously mentioned, the bank's financial statements and annual reports for the previous five years were also examined, and the findings were compared with information from the interview. According to the analysis's findings, good corporate governance policies do influence the bank's financial success. As recommendations, in terms of the practice of corporate governance in Nigerian banks, it was advised that the role and position of external auditors be made available. It was also discovered that other bodies are tasked to regulate the activities of banks in Nigeria and the recommendation was given for those bodies to be unified into one. The CBN was also advised to intensify their regulatory functions. As for recommendations for future studies, it was advised that subsections of financial institutions should be studied without also ignoring market-based financial performance metrics and comparing them with other banks.
An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Oil Servicing Companies (SME’s) in Port. Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2020) Magdalene Amagada
This study explored workforce diversity management and employees job performance in the oil and gas servicing SMEs in Port Harcourt Nigeria. With the objectives to investigate the manifestations of workforce diversity in oil and gas servicing companies in Nigeria, explore the effect of workforce diversity management on employees’ performance, examine the prospects and challenges of effective diversity management in the oil and gas servicing sector in Nigeria. Workforce diversity showcases the fact that there are different kinds of people and they differ in several ways both seen and unseen ranging from age, gender, marital status, social status, disability, sexual orientation, religion, personality, ethnicity, and culture. The study found that workforce diversity in the oil and gas SMEs in Port Harcourt manifests through; gender discrimination against woman, ethnic or tribal consideration in recruitment, placement and promotion, a dichotomy between degree holders and diploma holders like the Higher National Diploma (HND), a division between the contract staff and permanent staff. The study adopts a pragmatic philosophical orientation, with a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was collected through structured and semi-structure interviews. The study recommends among others; women involvement in the upstream, mainstream and downstream aspects of the oil and gas sector. This can be achieved by subjecting them to the relevant training and automating the operations in the sector as is obtainable in developed countries, there is need to balance the disparity between degree and diploma holders in recruitment and promotion by ensuring that such exercise is based on performance. A periodic competence gap analysis will enable the employees know what the requirement for a certain position is; this will inspire the employees to seeks further certification or qualifications.
An Exploratory Study on the Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust: A Case Study on Selected Banks in Lagos Nigeria.
(Griffith College, 2020) Ayotobi Olaide Akala
Appraisal of the Roles of Corporate Governance in Financial Institutions: An Irish Perspective.
(Griffith College, 2020) Stanley Osita Onwuka
The Role of Corporate Governance in Financial Institutions is the fulcrum on which this research work revolves. Corporate Governance entails that those at the helm of company’s affairs such as directors are accountable, responsible and sensitive to the stake of shareholders in the Organization, creditors, the entire public and the society, which is in fact, quite fundamental to any company. I will be considering one pertinent geographical region in this research which is Ireland and will be dividing my research into five chapters: Chapter one will describe the preliminaries such as the background of the study, statement of the problem, statement of hypothesis, the aims and objectives, scope and limitation of my research. The basis of the aforementioned chapter is to lay a proper foundation for my research work whilst I will review myriads of relevant literatures in Chapter two and these literatures will be reviewed under conceptual, empirical and theoretical frameworks. The rationale of review of the literatures is to decipher the gap in these literatures and how my research will fill in the identified gaps. In Chapter three, I will examine the appropriate research methodology that is apt for my research and will also identify the appropriate research design, population of the study, sample size, sampling technique and method of data collection and analysis. The gravamen of chapter three is to decipher the appropriate methodology that will be apt for this research. However, in Chapter four of this research, data collected from the field will be presented and analysed and appropriate findings stated. The nitty-gritty of Chapter four is to present and analyse the raw data gotten from the field in order to make a logical finding. The final chapter, which will be Chapter five, will conclude my research with recommendation, contribution to knowledge and suggested area for further research.
Brexit Realisation: Its Ripple Effect on Britain's Foreign Direct Investments.
(Griffith College, 2020) Afolasade Alayoninuo Olufayo
This research work sets out to study the impacts of Brexit on Foreign Direct Investors in the UK. Brexit is a portmanteau of the words Britain and exit which refers to the UK’s exit from the EU. The UK left the EU on the 31st of January after the June 2016 public vote –referendum with a 52 to 48% margin. Furthermore, the research aims to provide an evidence-based post Brexit projection for the UK economy and key government initiatives to make the economy thrive again. The dissertation conducted an extensive review of relevant literatures to provide a background understanding of major events that led to Brexit. This also helped formed the conceptual framework which served as the basis for further works into the study. The research work employed qualitative data sourced from various secondary sources. The research approach involved the use of Documentary Research Analysis composite with Thematic Analysis method of study in processing, analysing, and appraising the research outcomes. This research produced several key findings: An analysis of the number of abroad companies that invested in the UK before and after the referendum and the rate of the countries fallout from the UK especially with the top investors – US, Germany and France. These countries began to reduce their investment in the UK after the referendum as the prospect of a “no-deal Brexit” repeatedly sank sterling and further showed that the U.K. already suffers from Brexit. Similarly, the thematic analysis revealed that the implications on FDIs included uncertainty, fear, risk-ready, negative and positive reactions to Brexit. Thus, the economy has slowed, and many businesses have moved their headquarters to the EU. In conclusion, the research work revealed that the impacts of Brexit on FDIs in the UK will continue to evolve in the post Brexit era. Hence, a key policy priority for the UK government is to plan towards a sound management of the macroeconomic performance indices in such a manner as to enhance keeping borrowing costs at reasonable levels as if the UK was still part of the EU. For instance, the findings of this research work can be utilized by the UK government to develop targeted interventions such as tax reduction incentives aimed at attracting new investors and initiatives to encourage any foreign EU corporate entity that chooses to remain in the UK. That the UK is exiting the EU is an auspicious opportunity to learn a few new things about international relations with its attendant legal implications as it affects international trade, which is central and pivotal for future research.
Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Perspective.
(Griffith College, 2020) Osaretin Samuel Edosa
In this research, it was shown that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be described as a concept in which a company or organisation carries out business activities and makes a profit from a particular locality endeavour to contribute towards the sustenance of the society. The concept as largely misconstrued places more emphasis on the need for companies to interact with the society and create social amenities with or without the active participation of the community for which it is created for in the first place. However, during this research, it was discovered that it should mainly be a tripartite agreement where it would be more efficient where the government and the company should work hand in hand to ensure the initiatives are possible with all socio-political and economic factors available, while the members of the society at best should be able to take over the administration which is essentially aimed at giving the company a good exit strategy. The research showed that there are lapses especially coming down to the fact that (CSR) in a developing country like Nigeria uses frameworks that do not work based on our cultural and social background. This, in turn, led to the initiatives created to either go to waste or is mismanaged based on the fact that the people for which it is created for were either not carried along every step of the way, or did not show a need to participate based on the fact that they were not duly consulted. The findings and discussions carefully layout instances that are not only aimed at making it practiced better in Nigeria but also states recommendations that will make it more attainable in today’s world.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) Competitiveness in Lagos, Nigeria.
(Griffith College, 2021) IDIKI GODDEY MONDAY KUKU
With Lagos State inhabiting the highest number of SMEs in Nigeria, there seems to be little to no study conducted on their competitiveness using corporate social responsibility (CSR) as the predicting variable. Due to this, this study examines the relationship and effect of CSR on the competitiveness of SMEs in the state and further suggests ways through which SMEs in the state can utilise CSR as a tool for sustainability. The study tackled the research problem via the lens of three theoretical frameworks: Stakeholder Theory, Social Contract Theory and Systems Theory. In achieving the research objectives and testing the study’s hypotheses, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. This study is premised upon the positivist research philosophy and hence adopts a quantitative approach in finding answers to the research questions. Moreover, the descriptive cross-sectional research design was also used. Data was collected using structured electronic survey questionnaires (Google Forms) and analysed using frequencies, percentages (descriptive statistics), simple regression and correlation (inferential statistics). This was done with the aid of the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results obtained indicated that CSR has a positive relationship with SMEs’ competitiveness while the legal dimension of CSR has a negative relationship with the competitiveness of SMEs. The study therefore concludes that an increase in the practice of CSR will lead to an increase in SMEs’ competitiveness while an increase in the implementation of the legal dimension of CSR will lead to a decrease in SMEs’ competitiveness. The study recommends that SMEs should utilise CSR a publicity/marketing tool to increase the public awareness of their businesses to generate more sales. Furthermore, CSR should be used by SMEs as a brand loyalty tool where customers become emotionally attached to their products/services. The study also advises the Lagos State government to reduce the tax burdens placed on SMES. Statutory provisions that are detrimental to the competitiveness of SMEs in the state should be repealed and replaced with favourable ones. Also, the government should increase the tax rate on large organisations that produce similar products/services with those of SMEs. Implementing these would greatly increase SMEs’ competitiveness in the state.
Data Protection An International And Local Application In The Sme Sector Since Gdpr.
(Griffith College, 2021) Brenda Jazmin Gallardo Hernandez
This paper examines the growing significance of Data Protection regulations, particularly the GDPR, in shaping business models and development amidst the digital transformation era. It highlights how countries like Ireland, with well-established community awareness, and Colombia, undergoing digitalization, face challenges in complying with these regulations, particularly for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study involved interviews with two SME owners and two legal experts from both Ireland and Colombia to understand their perspectives on GDPR compliance standards. Employing a qualitative approach and a constructivist paradigm, the research aimed to delve into participants' responses through semi-structured interviews and analyze the results to achieve its objectives. The findings of the study reveal a general positive awareness among SMEs regarding the existence and implications of Data Protection Regulations, despite ongoing challenges in achieving full compliance. This underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to support SMEs in navigating and adhering to regulatory requirements in the digital age.
Distributed Ledger Technology in Banking and Cross Border Transactions: is DLT overstating its promise as an efficient, innovative technology, or is it a disruptive hype not possible to be fulfilled?
(Griffith College, 2019) Alejandra Julieta Vila Rodo
The emergence of computer and communication technology has changed the way businesses are conducted, and it has raised the perspective of people to carry out international business transactions when dealing with cross border users. The combination of business and technology provide opportunities for businesses, companies or individuals to develop new commercial ideas and business models, where many people are getting involved in the new waves of technology, and there is a development in what transactions used to be and what they are now in this century. The aim of this study is to analyse the exposure of all the changes and statements that the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is stating since this new technology is promising at the same time; it may also be disruptive and could involve more work and changes than probably expected. Moreover, this study attempts to gather information, perceptions, experience how DLT is useful a technology worthy of implementation. The study used the interpretivist, phenomenological, qualitative method. It involved one on one, open-ended semi-structured interview questions that allowed for a greater understanding of the phenomenon of the study. The inclusion criteria for the participants in the data collection was directed to key banking executives, lawyers, specialists in GDPR as well as information and technology professionals. The findings from this study will shed light on the roles that DTL plays in removing the inefficiencies in the banking scheme and cross border transactions as well as promoting financial inclusions as a way to consolidate the data within the boundaries of various platforms. The study will contribute to the importance of the DTL and blockchains literature through suggestions of the implications of what DTL offers and its relevance to the cross-border transactions.
Effects Of Stakeholder Management on the Sustainability of Small and Medium Scale Business.
(Griffith College, 2019) Ibukun Akinkunmi Oparinde
Sustainability is imperative; an integral part of any organizational goal. However, there exist little convergence on how organizations become sustainable. Whereas, there are divergence opinions among researchers on ways sustainability is best developed and implemented within organizations. This study achieves its aims of providing insight into how sustainability emerges within small and medize business (SMB) with much focus on the influence of its stakeholder management. Business sustainability in this context explain the level and ability of small and medium scale organization’s continuity. That is, the capacity of an organization to continue operating in a sustainable manner over a long period of time. This research takes a view to such business sustainability to be dependent on the level of its stakeholder management. For this research, an integrated methodology was deployed to examine from a qualitative viewpoint the overall effects of stakeholder management on the sustainability of small and medium-sized organizations. Specifically, business owners/managers from five SMEs who possess exemplary sustainability standings were approached to share their views on stakeholder management contributions to the organization sustainability. The findings of these interactions revealed that different viewpoints toward sustainability existed at the different studied organizations with all focus on people and profit. Question such as what steps has your organization/business taken in the past to be where you are today? Elicited answers like; active engagement with stakeholders, consistent quality services, proper training of staff, meeting customers’ needs when they want it, open communication, affordable price etc.
Examining the Relationship Between Employees Performance and Change Management in an Organisation: A case study of the Merger between Access bank and diamond bank
(Griffith College, 2020) Kehinde Oreoluwa Ayinla
Globalisation is increasing at a rapid rate, bringing with it changes in technological, political, socio-cultural, economic, and legal environment. Thus making it very important for organisations to oversee these changes and create strategies to help them adapt to it thereby making the environment favourable in terms of competition and remaining relevant in the industries. This study focused on examining the effect of change management on employee’s performance, using the merger of access bank and diamond bank as a case study. One hundred and sixty questionnaires that addressed the research questions were administered to respondents and one hundred and fifty were collected and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), a hypothesized relationship was tested using STATA which allowed the testing of complex relationships between variables. The model showed that communication and employee job-fit had a significant positive effect on employees performance, while leadership does not have a significant positive effect on employees performance but on employee-job fit. The study, therefore, recommends that organisations should select efficiently the process used to manage the merger and assign job roles that fit with the skills and knowledge of the employees following the merger, have different effective channels of communication that involves employees across the organisation and for managers to lead efficiently during the change process thereby enhancing their performance.
Factors Determining the Adherence to Corporate Governance Codes: Case Study of The Banking Sector in Ireland
(Griffith College, 2021) Nnamdi Elvis Aroh
Corporate governance involves principles regulating the conduct of corporate business firms. It ensures transparency, accountability and upholds the interest of shareholders and stakeholders. Irish corporate governance is structured using the Comply-Explain (CEP) approach, where firms comply with corporate governance principles or explain reasons for non-compliance. This approach is said to be weak, inefficient as companies do not adhere to codes neither give sufficient reasons for non-adherence. This research investigates the adherence level of corporate governance codes amongst Irish banks. The research collects data from interviews of two bank managers and three bank boards of directors. Overall, the study discovers that earlier claims of the inefficiency, non-adherence and lack of sufficient explanations that trailed the CEP approach are false regarding Irish banks. The study finds that Irish banks adhere to corporate governance codes due to the impact of the Central Bank of Ireland, bank customers, and the role of the non-executive directors. The study also discovers the challenges associated with adherence to corporate governance codes in Ireland includes; a constant update of codes, lack of uniform implementation of regulations, and impacts on investors. It is, therefore, recommended that the earlier mentioned challenges be addressed through a time-efficient update of codes and creating a central standard for the implementation of regulations. This will improve the adherence to corporate governance principles for the growth and development of the Irish financial sector
GDPR & Data Privacy: Impact of Data Protection in Irish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs).
(Griffith College, 2020) Pretty Falayi
Data privacy and protection is a concept which is developing due to the fast-paced evolution of information technology. The substantial reliance on technology especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic has peaked considerably. However, data protection laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is enforced to issue penalties in the event of any data breaches. Since the enforcement of the GDPR, all businesses have been mandated to implement the guidelines into their operations. However, the focus for the GDPR implementation and compliance have been majorly on large companies who are high regulators of data collection, processing, harvesting and storage. These large companies have contributed to a series of data breaches and violation of data privacy and protection laws put in place to curb such occurrences. The question therein lies about the state of implementation and compliance of small and medium sized businesses in Ireland. There is minimal attention on Irish SMEs to implement and comply with the GDPR. This study focuses on the impact, challenges and compliance of Irish SMEs in relation to data privacy and protection. It explores the importance of cyber and digital security to these businesses in relation to securing the personal data of their customers, employees and the business. It also portrays the opinions of the Irish SMEs about the General Data Protection Regulations and its relevance to their business operational standards. This study also presents the data analysis and findings derived from the interviews granted by willing Irish business representatives, managers and owners. It shares their perspectives and what they have experienced with the GDPR implementation and compliance. These perspectives were critically examined and evaluated for the purpose of this study.
Leveraging the Impact of Management Consultancies on Small Scale Business Performance In Nigeria
(Griffith College, 2021) Ibitoye Esther Oluwabusayo
Research Background: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are generally considered as the engine for innovation and employment generation. This has been attributed to their flexibility in responding to new opportunities and possibilities for rapid growth and development. More so, use of management consulting has been particularly linked to organizational performance. This study seeks to explore the use of management constancies by small scale enterprises in Nigeria and how it impacts on their business performance. Research Purpose: Most enterprises are often faced with the problem of poor managerial knowledge needed to provide quality service. However, studies have demonstrated connections between business success and effective managerial skill, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises. The aim of this study is therefore, to examine the impact of management consultancies on business performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Research Questions: The study was guided by three research objectives namely: i. What are the reasons for using management consulting among SMEs? ii. What are the selection criteria used in choosing management consultant among SMEs? iii. What are the factors affecting the use of management consultancy among SMEs? iv. What is the effect of management consulting selection criteria on performance? Method: The study adopted a descriptive research design. Quantitative data were collected through the use of online questionnaire. A total of one hundred SMEs were surveyed cutting across different sector of the economy. Data was analysed quantitatively using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: The study found low level of use of management consulting among the business owners. Also, trust and integrity and work experience were the principal factors influencing the use of management consulting. In terms of purpose for usage, management consulting was mostly used to solve ICT related problems, business financial/accounting matters, analysis of problems, investigating problems in business and training of employee. Overall, management consulting impacted positively on business performance.
Sweeping in front of the own door: Is it possible to hold corporations accountable for human rights violations under modern international law in the context of binding Business and Human Rights Treaty?
(Griffith College, 2021) Karina Savchuk
It has been generally accepted that nowadays corporations obtained more political and financial power than States. Considering controversial legal nature of this multinational entities there is currently no enforceable legal mechanism that can hold them accountable for human rights violations. Existing regulatory initiatives proved to be weak and ineffective with no binding power to impose human rights obligations on corporations. However, close examination and analyses of positive international law doctrine demonstrates that it is possible to hold corporations accountable under binding Business and Human Rights Treaty. The modern debate on binding human rights instrument was triggered by the proposal initiated by some states, initially by South Africa and Ecuador. This dissertation discusses whether the binding Business and Human Rights Treaty is necessary in order to hold corporations accountable under international law. First part addresses historical development of business and human rights debate, inter alia, codes of conduct and existing human rights initiatives. Second part of this research analyses direct and indirect approaches including comprehensive examination of corporate accountability and responsibility of states to protect human rights. Final part of this research is focused on the discussion in relation to the possibility of the adoption of binding international treaty, including content, limitations and recommendations for the future research. This part argues that Business and Human Rights Treaty is a necessary instrument that needs to be urgently considered and adopted by international community.

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