eprintid: 471 rev_number: 12 eprint_status: archive userid: 64 dir: disk0/00/00/04/71 datestamp: 2021-07-17 12:59:12 lastmod: 2021-07-17 12:59:12 status_changed: 2021-07-17 12:59:12 type: thesis metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Olabode, Olubunmi Arinola corp_creators: Catherine Rossiter title: The Impact of Servicescapes on Customer Satisfaction: A Study on African Service-Based Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMES) in Ireland. ispublished: submitted subjects: H1 subjects: HM divisions: MscIBM full_text_status: public keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Servicescapes, African Service Based Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMES) IN Ireland. abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of servicescape (the physical environment of a business) on customer satisfaction amongst African service-based SMEs. Servicescape is an essential part of a business as it accentuates the experiences a customer has while receiving a service, this further leads to satisfaction or dissatisfaction. As such, the servicescape need to be properly constructed taking into cognisance the physical dimensions (lighting, spatial, ambient, scent, music etc), the social dimensions (crowd control) and the natural dimensions (supporting relaxation). This study also considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which revised servicescapes to adhere to government regulations on social distancing. The study adopted the qualitative research methodology which uses non-numerical forms of data and analysis. Data was collected through the conduct of interviews with five (5) owners of African service-based SMEs and five (5) customers of these SMEs. Data was analysed using the thematic format, themes where was based on the research objectives. The study discovered that the use of the several dimensions of servicescape (physical, social and natural dimensions) by African service based SMEs resonated positively with customers thus keeping them satisfied and loyal to the business, furthermore the revised servicescapes due to the COVID-19 pandemic had both positive and negative effects on customer satisfaction, for some customers the revised servicescape enhanced their trust and loyalty to business as they had a feeling that the business owner was mindful of their health and safety, while to other customers the revised servicescape reduced the level of social interaction thus reducing the satisfaction gained whenever they visited such SMEs. The study recommends that considerations should be given to physical, social, and natural dimensions when constructing a servicescape. In addition, business owners should consider gender of their target market, when implementing servicescapes as what constitutes customer satisfaction and experience differs across gender lines. In addition, business owners should consider cushioning the effect of the strict Covid-19 guidelines on customers. date: 2020-08-28 date_type: submitted institution: Griffith College department: Graduate Business School: MSc in International Business Management thesis_type: masters referencetext: References: Abou-Shouk, M.A. and Khalifa, G.S. (2017), “The influence of website quality dimensions on e-purchasing behaviour and e-loyalty: a comparative study of Egyptian travel agents and hotels”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 5, pp. 608-623. Afthanorhan, Asyraf & Awang, Zainudin & Rashid, Norfadzilah & Mohammed Foziah, Nik Hazimi & Ghazali, Puspa. (2019). Assessing the effects of service quality on customer satisfaction. Management Science Letters. 9. 13-24. 10.5267/j.msl.2018.11.004. Ahmad, M (2012), “Attractiveness Factors Influencing Shoppers’ Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Word of Mouth: An Empirical Investigation of Saudi Arabia Shopping Malls”, International Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 101-112. doi:10.5430/ijba.v3n6p101 Aitken, R., Stringer, C., & Ballantyne, D. (2012). Editorial: service integration and coordination in a complex World. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3/14), 1487-1490 Akaka, M.A, Vargo, S.L (2015). Extending the context of service: From encounters to ecosystems. Journal of Service Marketing, 29, 453–462 Allenby, G.M., Brazell, J.D., Howell, J.R. & Rossi, P.E. (2014) Economic valuation of product features. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 12, 4, pp. 421–456. Allmér, H. (2014). “E-servicescape is Plausible”. Selected Papers of the IRIS, No. 5, pp. 121- 132. Amaldoss, W. & He, C. (2014) Product variety, informative advertising, and price competition. Journal of Marketing Research, 47, 1, pp. 146–156 Baker, P, Grewal, & Voss, (2002), “The Influence of Multiple Store Environment Cues on Perceived Merchandise Value and Patronage Intentions”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, 120-141 Ballantyne, D., and Nilsson, E. (2017), “All that is solid melts into air: the servicescape in digital service space”, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 226-235. Bitner, M. J (1992), “Servicescapes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees,” Journal of Marketing, 56 (2), 57-71.58 Booms & Bitner (1981), "Marketing strategies and organisation structures for service firms". In Donnelly, J; George, WR. Marketing of Services. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association Booms, Bernard H. and Mary Jo Bitner (1982), “Marketing Services by Managing the Environment,” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 23 (May), 35-39. Brocato, E. D., Voorhees, C. M., & Baker, J. (2012). Understanding the influence of cues from other customers in the service experience: A scale development and validation. Journal of Retailing, 88, 384-398 Carlson, J., O’Cass, A. and Ahrholdt, D. (2015), “Assessing customers’ perceived e�shopping value of the online channel of multichannel retailers: A two country examination”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol 27, pp. 90-102. Chang, K.C (2016). Effect of servicescape on customer behavioral intentions: Moderating roles of service climate and employee engagement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 116–128 Chen, J.-L. (2014) The Impact of Bed and Breakfast Atmosphere, Customer Experience, and Customer Value on Customer Voluntary Performance: A Survey in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism 20, 541–562 Dedeoglu, B.B.; Bilgihan, A.; Ye, B.H.; Buonincontri, P.; Okumus, F (2018). The impact of servicescape on hedonic value and behavioral intentions: The importance of previous experience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 116–1282018, 72, 10–20. Diktaş M., Tekin M. (2019) The Effect of Service Quality and Offered Values on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: An Implementation on Jewelry Industry. In: Durakbasa N., Gencyilmaz M. (eds) Proceedings of the International Symposium for Production Research 2018. ISPR 2018. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92267-6_61 Ellickson, P.B., Misra, S. & Nair, H.S. (2012) Repositioning dynamics and pricing strategy. Journal of Marketing Research, 49, 6, pp. 750–772. Ezeh, C. and Harris L.C. (2007), “Servicescape Research: A Review and a Research Agenda”, Marketing Review, 7(1), pp. 59-7859 Falk, T., Hammerschmidt, M. & Schepers, J.J. (2010) The service quality–satisfaction link revisited: exploring asymmetries and dynamics. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38, 3, pp. 288–302. Giese, J.L. & Cote, J. A (2000). Defining Customer Satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Science Review. Gu, Z. & Yang, S. (2010) Quantity-discount-dependent consumer preferences and competitive nonlinear pricing. Journal of Marketing Research, 47, 6, pp. 1100–1113. Gunewardana, G. (2017), Service Management: Concepts, Principles, and Applications for Sri Lanka, Dayawansa Jayakody and Company, Colombo Hakim, L. and Deswindi, L. (2015), “Assessing the effects of e-servicescapes on customer intention: a study on the hospital websites in south Jakarta”, Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 169, pp. 227-239. Han, H., & Ryu, K. (2009). The roles of the physical environment, price perception, and customer satisfaction in determining customer loyalty in the restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33, 487-510. Hanks, L., Line, N., & Kim, W. (2017). The impact of the social servicescape, density, and restaurant type on perceptions of interpersonal service quality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 61, 35-44 Hanks, L.; Line, N.; Yang, W (2017). Status seeking and perceived similarity: A consideration of homophily in the social servicescape. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 61, 35-44 2017, 60, 123–132 Harris, L.C. and Goode, M.M. (2010), “Online servicescapes, trust, and purchase intentions“, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 230-243 Heung, V. C. S., & Gu, T. (2012). Influence of restaurant atmospherics on patron satisfaction and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 1167-1177. Hightower (1997), “Conceptualizing and Measuring Servicescape’s Impact on Service Encounter Outcomes” In Hightower, Jr., “Commentary on Conceptualizing the Servicescape Construct in a Study of the Service Encounter in Eight Countries”, The Marketing Management Journal, Volume 20, Issue 1, pp. 76-8660 HM government (2020), Keeping workers and clients safe during COVID-19 in close contact services,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5ef2889986650c12970e9b57/wo rking-safely-during-covid-19-close-contact-310720.pdf Hoffman, K. D., Kelley, S. W., & Chung, B. C. (2003), “A CIT investigation of servicescape failures and associated recovery strategies”, Journal of Services Marketing, 17(4), 322-340. Iorliam, Aamo. (2020). Harnessing The Benefits Of Social Media In The COVID-19 Era. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342956234_Harnessing_The_Benefits_Of_So cial_Media_In_The_COVID-19_Era/citation/download Jeon and Jeong (2009), "A Conceptual Framework to Measure E-Servicescape on a B&B Website", International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track. Paper 14. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/refereed/Sessions/Saturday/14 Jepson, D.; Sharpley, R. (2015) More than sense of place? Exploring the emotional dimension of rural tourism experiences. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2015, 23, 1157–1178 Jutter, U., Schaffner, D., Windler, K. and Maklan, S. (2013), “Customer service experience: developing and applying a sequential incident laddering technique”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 47 No. 5, pp. 738-768 Kang, W., Bayus, B.L. & Balasubramanian, S. (2010) The strategic effects of multimarket contact: mutual forbearance and competitive response in the personal computer industry. Journal of Marketing Research, 47, 3, pp. 415–427. Kim, M. & Chintagunta, P.K. (2012) Investigating brand preferences across social groups and consumption contexts. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 10, 3, pp. 305–333 Kim, N., & Lee, M. (2012). Other customers in a service encounter: Examining the effect in a restaurant setting. Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 27-40. Leeflang, P.S. & Wittink, D.R. (2000) Building models for marketing decisions: past, present and future. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 17, 2, pp. 105–126 Lilien, G.L. & Rangaswamy, A. (2008) Marketing engineering models that connect with practice systems, in Wierenga, B. (ed.) Handbook of Marketing Decision Models. New York: Springer US, pp. 3–2061 Line, N., Hanks, L., & Kim, W. G. (2018). An expanded servicescape framework as the driver of place attachment and word of mouth. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42, 476-499. Line, N.D.; Hanks, L.; McGinley, S (2018). When birds flock together: An identification of the destination social servicescape. Journal of Travel Tourism and Marketing 2018, 35, 882–894. Lovelock, C and Wirtz, J (2004), Services Marketing – People, Technology, Strategy. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education. Magnini, V. P., Baker, M., & Karande, K. (2013). The frontline provider’s appearance: A driver of guest perceptions. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54, 396-405. Mari, M. and Poggesi, S. (2013), “Servicescape cues and customer behaviour: a systematic literature review and research agenda”, The Service Industries Journal, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 171-199. Miles, Patti & Cannon, Alan & Miles, Grant. (2012). Linking Servicescape to Customer Satisfaction: Exploring the Role of Competitive Strategy. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 32. 772-795. 10.1108/01443571211250077. Moliner, M.Á.; Monferrer, D.; Estrada, M.; Rodríguez, R.M. Environmental Sustainability and the Hospitality Customer Experience: A Study in Tourist Accommodation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5279. [CrossRef] 29. Mummalaneni, V. (2005). An empirical investigation of Website characteristics, consumer emotional states and online shopping behaviors. Journal of Business Research, 58(4), 526-532. Namasivyam, K. and Lin, I. (2008). The servicescape. In Jones, P. (Ed.), The handbook of Hospitality Operation and IT (pp.43-62). NewYork: Elsvier Ltd. Naylor, R. W., Lamberton, C. P., & West, P. M. (2012). Beyond the “like” button: The impact of mere virtual presence on brand evaluations and purchase intentions in social media settings. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 105-120. Nguyen, D.T.; DeWitt, T.; Russell-Bennett, R (2012). Service convenience and social servicescape: Retail vs hedonic setting. Journal of Service Marketing 2012, 26, 265–27762 Nguyen, N (2006). The collective impact of service workers and servicescape on the corporate image information. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(2), 227-244. Nicholls, R. (2010). New directions for customer-to-customer interaction research. Journal of Services Marketing, 24(1), 87-97 O'Brien, M., Moore, K. and McNicholas, F. (2020). Social Media Spread During Covid�19: The Pros and Cons Park, E.O.; Chae, B.K.; Kwon, J.; Kim, W.H (2020). The Effects of Green Restaurant Attributes on Customer Satisfaction Using the Structural Topic Model on Online Customer Reviews. Sustainability 2020, 12, Ryu, K., & Jang, S. (2007). The effect of environmental perceptions on behavioral intentions through emotions: The case of upscale restaurants. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31, 56-72. Shabalina, S., Shabalin, E., Kurbanova, A., Shigapova, A., & Vanickova, R. (2020). Social media marketing as a digital economy tool of the services market for the population of the republic of Tatarstan. In Digital Transformation of the Economy: Challenges, Trends and New Opportunities (pp. 356-367). Springer, Cham Transformation of the Economy: Challenges, Trends and New Opportunities (pp. 356-367). Springer, Cham Tsaur, S. H., Luoh, H. F., & Syue, S. S. (2015). Positive emotions and behavioral intentions of customers in full-service restaurants: Does aesthetic labor matter? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 115-126 Varsanis K., Belias D., Kakkos N., Chondrogiannis M., Rossidis I., Mantas C. (2019) The Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Luxurious Hotels So to Produce Error-Free Service. In: Kavoura A., Kefallonitis E., Giovanis A. (eds) Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12453-3_8 Weerasinghe, Ms. (2019). The Impact Of Servicescape On Customer Satisfaction In Banking Industry. 10.13140/RG.2.2.25476.88961.63 WHO (2020) Getting your workplace ready for COVID�19https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for�covid-19.pdf?ua=1 Yi, Y.; Gong, T.; Lee, H (2013). The Impact of Other Customers on Customer Citizenship Behavior. Psycholological Marketing 2013, 30, 341–356 Zeithaml, V. A. (2008), Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Saunders M., Lewis P., and Thornhill, A (2007). Research Methods for Business Students. 4th edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow. Zhu, D.H.; Sun, H.; Chang, Y.P (2016). Effect of social support on customer satisfaction and customer citizenship behaviour in online brand communities: The moderating role of support source. Journal of Retail and Consumer Service 31, 287–293. citation: Olabode, Olubunmi Arinola (2020) The Impact of Servicescapes on Customer Satisfaction: A Study on African Service-Based Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMES) in Ireland. Masters thesis, Griffith College. document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/471/1/OLUBUNMI%20ARINOLA%20OLABODE.pdf document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/471/2/OLUBUNMI%20ARINOLA%20OLABODE.txt