eprintid: 390 rev_number: 11 eprint_status: archive userid: 64 dir: disk0/00/00/03/90 datestamp: 2021-04-25 12:06:28 lastmod: 2021-04-25 12:06:28 status_changed: 2021-04-25 12:06:28 type: thesis metadata_visibility: show creators_name: De Assuncao Goncalve, Ricardo corp_creators: Mark Campbell title: Building Effective Global Virtual Teams: An evaluation of the influence of cultural diversity, communication, rust, and leadership on the development of geographically and virtually dispersed teams. ispublished: submitted subjects: H1 subjects: HM divisions: MBAIB full_text_status: public keywords: Global Virtual Team, Cultural diversity, Communication, trust, Leadership, Development of geographically abstract: The overall purpose of this research is to evaluate the influence of cultural diversity, communication, trust, and leadership on the development of geographically and virtually dispersed teams. Initially, it started by identifying and studying the literature about Global Virtual Teams (GVTs). Thus, some gaps among the studies were identified, and visual representation was developed using the conceptual framework. Moreover, the author interviewed eight participants – e-leaders and software engineers from two multinational companies - to collect primary data. Thus, identifying typical pattern across interviews helped to answer the research questions. Lastly, by using Interpretivism philosophy, the author has immersed in the reality of each participant to understand the context of their background to be able to get relevant insights. Thus, applying grounded theory methodology on collected data, helped to identify codes and themes to answer the research questions. This research has uncovered a strong relationship between communication and trust, which can go both ways. Thus, trust can intensify collaboration and team performance, but communication can also influence trust development mainly when people collaborate over the camera and in regular meetings. Additionally, it has shown that Emergent Leaders are able to decrease the sense of team virtually across team members by working closely to the formal leader, thus, decentralising the decision-making process and scaling out the communication management. Furthermore, it has shown that initial trust can be fostered by introducing virtual team members to each other or by visiting other virtual teams in their countries early-on. However, delivering results and gaining credibility would help to consolidate this trust. Lastly, having an interpersonal relationship would make it more resilient and durable. Although working with GVTs can be challenging, there are some key aspects which can be taught to all team members early-on, thereby mitigating common issues. However, all members need to be willing to develop these new soft skills such as virtual sub-teaming leadership, rapport building, trust development, expectation management, and communication management, thus benefiting the team bonding and well-being of these ones directly and indirectly involved. date: 2020-09-11 date_type: submitted institution: Griffith College department: Graduate Business School: MBA in International Business thesis_type: masters referencetext: References: Bannister, F. (2005) ‘Through a glass darkly: fact and filtration in the interpretation of evidence’, Electronic journal of business research methods, 3(1), pp. 11–24. Batarseh, F. S., Usher, J. M. and Daspit, J. J. (2017) ‘Collaboration capability in virtual teams: examining the influence on diversity and innovation’, International Journal of Innovation Management. World Scientific, 21(04), p. 1750034. Bell, B. S. and Kozlowski, S. W. (2002) ‘A typology of virtual teams: Implications for effective leadership’, Group & organization management. Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA, 27(1), pp. 14–49. Brewer, P. E. (2015) International virtual teams: Engineering global success. John Wiley & Sons. Creswell, J. W. and Poth, C. N. (2016) Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2017) The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Dulebohn, J. H. and Hoch, J. E. (2017) ‘Virtual teams in organizations’, Human Resource Management Review, 27(4), pp. 569–574. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.12.004. Gibbs, J. L., Sivunen, A. and Boyraz, M. (2017) ‘Investigating the impacts of team type and design on virtual team processes’, Human Resource Management Review. Elsevier, 27(4), pp. 590–603. Gibson, C. B. and Cohen, S. G. (2003) Virtual teams that work: Creating conditions for virtual team effectiveness. John Wiley & Sons. Gonzalez, A. J. M. et al. (2017) ‘Cultural Diversity Challenges in Global Virtual Teams and Solutions to Overcome Them’, Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Global Information Systems Management: Consolidated Assignments from Spring 2017, p. 105. Grosse, C. U. (2002) ‘Managing communication within virtual intercultural teams’, Business Communication Quarterly. Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA, 65(4), pp. 22–38.91 Hackman, J. R. (1987) The design of work teams. Uit: JW Lorsch (Ed.) Handbook of organizational behaviour. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Han, S. J. and Beyerlein, M. (2016) ‘Framing the effects of multinational cultural diversity on virtual team processes’, Small group research. Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA, 47(4), pp. 351–383. Hatch, J. A. (2002) Doing qualitative research in education settings. Suny Press. Hoch, J. E. and Dulebohn, J. H. (2017) ‘Team personality composition, emergent leadership and shared leadership in virtual teams: A theoretical framework’, Human Resource Management Review, 27(4), pp. 678–693. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.12.012. Hoch, J. E. and Kozlowski, S. W. (2014) ‘Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.’, Journal of applied psychology. American Psychological Association, 99(3), p. 390. Hoegl, M., Muethel, M. and Gemuenden, H. G. (2012) ‘Leadership and teamwork in dispersed projects’, The Oxford Handbook of Project Management, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 483–500. Homan, A. C. et al. (2007) ‘Bridging faultlines by valuing diversity: diversity beliefs, information elaboration, and performance in diverse work groups.’, Journal of applied psychology. American Psychological Association, 92(5), p. 1189. Hung, Y.-T., Dennis, A. R. and Robert, L. (2004) ‘Trust in virtual teams: Towards an integrative model of trust formation’, in 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, pp. 11–pp. Ilgen, D. R. et al. (2005) ‘Teams in organizations: From input-process-output models to IMOI models’, Annu. Rev. Psychol. Annual Reviews, 56, pp. 517–543. Jimenez, A. et al. (2017) ‘Working across boundaries: Current and future perspectives on global virtual teams’, Journal of International Management. Elsevier, 23(4), pp. 341–349. Keyton, J. (1997) ‘Coding communication in decision-making groups’, Managing group life: Communicating in decision-making groups. Allyn & Bacon Boston, MA, pp. 236–269. Krumm, S. et al. (2016) ‘What does it take to be a virtual team player? The knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics required in virtual teams’, Human Performance. Taylor & Francis, 29(2), pp. 123–142.92 Liao, C. (2017) ‘Leadership in virtual teams: A multilevel perspective’, Human Resource Management Review. Elsevier, 27(4), pp. 648–659. Lilian, S. C. (2014) ‘Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders’, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier, 110, pp. 1251–1261. Malhotra, A. et al. (2001) ‘Radical innovation without collocation: A case study at Boeing-Rocketdyne’, MIS quarterly. JSTOR, pp. 229–249. Marks, M. A., Mathieu, J. E. and Zaccaro, S. J. (2001) ‘A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes’, Academy of management review. Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510, 26(3), pp. 356–376. Marks, M. A., Zaccaro, S. J. and Mathieu, J. E. (2000) ‘Performance implications of leader briefings and team-interaction training for team adaptation to novel environments.’, Journal of applied psychology. American Psychological Association, 85(6), p. 971. Marlow, S. L., Lacerenza, C. N. and Salas, E. (2017) ‘Communication in virtual teams: A conceptual framework and research agenda’, Human Resource Management Review. Elsevier, 27(4), pp. 575–589. Martins, L. L., Gilson, L. L. and Maynard, M. T. (2004) ‘Virtual teams: What do we know and where do we go from here?’, Journal of management. Elsevier, 30(6), pp. 805–835. McGrath, J. E. (1984) Groups: Interaction and performance. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ. McGrath, J. E. (1991) ‘Time, interaction, and performance (TIP) A Theory of Groups’, Small group research. SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. 2455 Teller Road, Newbury Park, CA 91320, 22(2), pp. 147–174. Mockaitis, A. I., Rose, E. L. and Zettinig, P. (2012) ‘The power of individual cultural values in global virtual teams’, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England, 12(2), pp. 193–210. Newman, S. A., Ford, R. C. and Marshall, G. W. (2019) ‘Virtual Team Leader Communication: Employee Perception and Organizational Reality’, International Journal of Business Communication, p. 232948841982989. doi: 10.1177/2329488419829895. Pearlson, K. E., Saunders, C. S. and Galletta, D. F. (2019) Managing and using information systems: A strategic approach. John Wiley & Sons.93 Powell, A., Piccoli, G. and Ives, B. (2004) ‘Virtual teams: a review of current literature and directions for future research’, ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems. ACM New York, NY, USA, 35(1), pp. 6–36. Ren, Y. (2020) ‘Learning in Virtual Teams’, in Ren, Y., The Oxford Handbook of Group and Organizational Learning. Edited by L. Argote and J. M. Levine. Oxford University Press, pp. 622–634. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190263362.013.36. Settle-Murphy, N. M. (2012) Leading effective virtual teams: Overcoming time and distance to achieve exceptional results. CRC Press. Snape, D. and Spencer, L. (2003) ‘The Foundations of Qualitative Research’, in Qualitative Research Practice - A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, pp. 1–23. Soto, S. L. (2019) ‘Information and Communications Technology Strategies for Improving Global Virtual Teams’ Success Rates’. Steiner, I. D. (1972) Group process and productivity. Academic press New York. Straus, A. and Corbin, J. (1990) Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Walsham, G. (2015) ‘Interpreting information systems in organizations’. Webster, J. and Staples, D. S. (2006) ‘Comparing virtual teams to traditional teams: An identification of new research opportunities.’ Elsevier Science/JAI Press. Weis, L. and Fine, M. (2000) Speed bumps: A student-friendly guide to qualitative research. Teachers College Press. Zuofa, T. and Ochieng, E. G. (2017) ‘Working separately but together: appraising virtual project team challenges’, Team Performance Management: An International Journal. Emerald Publishing Limited. citation: De Assuncao Goncalve, Ricardo (2020) Building Effective Global Virtual Teams: An evaluation of the influence of cultural diversity, communication, rust, and leadership on the development of geographically and virtually dispersed teams. Masters thesis, Griffith College. document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/390/1/Ricardo%20De%20Assuncao%20Goncalve.pdf document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/390/2/Ricardo%20De%20Assuncao%20Goncalve.txt