eprintid: 360 rev_number: 10 eprint_status: archive userid: 64 dir: disk0/00/00/03/60 datestamp: 2021-02-21 18:27:42 lastmod: 2021-02-21 18:27:42 status_changed: 2021-02-21 18:27:42 type: thesis metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Yap, Keen Leong corp_creators: Catherine Rossiter title: A Study of the Attitude of Malaysian Tertiary Education Students towards Entrepreneurship: Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Government Entrepreneurial Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture & Environment. ispublished: submitted subjects: H1 subjects: HM divisions: MSIBL full_text_status: public keywords: Entrepreneurship in Malaysia, entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy and entrepreneurial culture. abstract: This dissertation focused on exploring the development of entrepreneurship in Malaysia. This dissertation revealed the attitudes of student at tertiary education towards entrepreneurship in Malaysia by uncovering the development and impact of entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy, and entrepreneurial culture & environment in Malaysia. This dissertation aimed to develop a conceptual framework to examine the factors influencing and encouraging the creation of new entrepreneur. This research built on existing literatures relates to entrepreneurial development. The conceptual framework is intended to provide a starting point for scholars for further relevant research applicable in Malaysia. The approach taken by the dissertation was mainly exploratory in nature. The dissertation was investigated through a triangulation method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection. Quantitative studies were conducted through questionnaire survey and the questionnaire was framed based on the research objective and reflection of literature review. The questionnaire survey was completed via a purposive sampling method involving local students at tertiary education in Malaysia. Qualitative data was collected through interview with five Malaysian entrepreneurs with tertiary education qualification. Conclusion was established by analysing the impact of entrepreneurial education, government entrepreneurial policy, and entrepreneurial culture & environment to tertiary education students in Malaysia. In addition, strengths and shortcomings of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Malaysia have been identified and highlighted which require quick action to be taken by the government, academic institution, public and private sector. date: 2020-05-22 date_type: submitted institution: Griffith College department: Graduate Business School: MSc in International Business and Law thesis_type: masters referencetext: References: Al Mamun, A., Nawi, N. B. C., Dewiendren, A. A., & Shamsudin, S. F. F. B., 2016. Examining the effects of entrepreneurial competencies on student’s entrepreneurial intention. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 119–127. Bager, T. E., Klyver, K., & Nielsen, P. S., 2015. Special interest in decision making in entrepreneurship policy. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(4), 680-697. Bechard, J.P. and Tolohouse, J. M., 1998. Validation of a didactic model for the analysis of training objectives in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 317-332. Bell, J., 2014. Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. UK: McGraw-Hill Education. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. USA: Oxford University Press. Caliendo, M., F.M. Fossen & A.S. Kritikos., 2009. Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs–new evidence from an experimentally validated survey. Small Business Economics, 32(2), 153-167. Cassar, G. & H. Friedman., 2009. Does self-efficacy affect entrepreneurial investment? Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 3, 241–260. Cassim, S., Soni, P., & Karodia, A. M., 2014. Entrepreneurship Policy in South Africa. Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(9), 29-43. Central Bank of Malaysia, Malaysia bankruptcies 1998-2016, Trading Economic, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/bankruptcies. [Accessed: 10/4/2020]. Creswell, J.W., 2003. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks: Sage. Davidson, P., Hunter, E., & Klofsten, M., 2006. Institutional forces: The invisible hand that shapes venture ideas? International Small Business Journal, 24(2), 115- 131. Dinis, A., Paco, A. D., Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., & Rodrigues, R. G., 2013. Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions among secondary students. EducationC Training, 55, 763–780. Edward L. Glaeser., Stuart S. Rosenthal., & William C. Strange., 2009. Urban Economics and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Urban Economics, vol,67, 1–14. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(3), 1-12. Envick, B.R. & M. Langford., 2000. The five-factor model of personality: Assessing entrepreneurs and managers. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 6-17. Fatoki, O. O., 2010. Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South Africa: motivations and obstacles. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), 87–98. Fenton, M., & Barry, A., 2014. Breathing space–graduate entrepreneurs’ perspectives of entrepreneurship education in higher education. EducationC Training, 56, 733– 744. Fogel, G., 2001. An analysis of entrepreneurial environment and enterprise development in Hungary. Journal of Small Business Management, 39, 103–109. Forsström-Tuominen, H., Jussila, I., & Kolhinen, J., 2015. Business school students’ social construction of entrepreneurship: Claiming space for collective entrepreneurship discourses. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(1), 102-120. Frank, H., Lueger, M., & Korunka, C., 2007. The significance of personality in business start-up intentions, start-up realization and business success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19, 227–251. Franke, N. & Luthje, C., 2004. Entrepreneurship intentions of business students: A benchmarking study. International journal of innovation and technology management 1(3) 269-288. Gelard, P., & Saleh, K. E., 2011. Impact of some contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention of university students. African Journal of Business Management, 5, 10707–10717. Gibb, A., 1999, Can we build effective entrepreneurship through management development? Journal of General Management, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 1-21. Gilbert, B. A., Audretsch, D. B., & McDougall, P. P., 2004. The emergence of entrepreneurship policy. Small Business Economics, 22(3-4), 313-323. Gnyawali, D. R., & Fogel, D. S., 1994. Environments for entrepreneurship development: key dimensions and research implications. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 43–43. Grant, C. & Osanloo, A., 2014. Understanding, Selecting, and Integrating a Theoretical Framework in Dissertation Research: Creating the Blue print for ‘House’. Administrative Issues Journal: Connecting Education, Practice and Research, Pp. 12-22 DOI: 10.5929/2014.4.2.9. Hamidon (2015, October) Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysian Institutes of Higher Learning (A 2015 Review). Speech Presentation at 4th UNESCO-APEID Meeting on Entrepreneurship Education in Bangkok, Thailand. Harian, B., 2006. Pendidikan Keusahawanan di IPTA, Trans: Entrepreneurship Education in Public University. Hart, D. M., 2003. The emergence of entrepreneurship policy: governance, start-ups, and growth in the US knowledge economy. Cambridge University Press. Henderson, J., & Weiler, S., 2010. Entrepreneurs and job growth: probing the boundaries of time and space. Economic Development Quarterly, 24(1), 23-32. Hisrich, R. D., Michael, P. P., & Shephard, D. A., 2005. Entrepreneurship. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Hofstede, Geert, 2001. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hölzl, W., 2010. The economics of entrepreneurship policy: introduction to the special issue. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 10(3-4), 187-197. Hoppe, M., 2016. Policy and entrepreneurship education. Small Business Economics, 46(1), 13-29. Hopper, R., 1992. Telephone Conversation. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. Hytti, U. and O’Gorman, C., 2004. What is enterprise education? An analysis of the objectives and methods of enterprise education programmes in four European countries. Educationþ Training, Vol. 46 No. 1, pp. 11-23. Isaacs, E., Friedrich, C. & Brijlal, P., 2007. Entrepreneurship education and training at the Further Education and Training (FET) level in South Africa. South African Journal of Education, 27(4):613 –629. Jafari-Moghadam, S., Zali, M., & Sanaeepour, H., 2017. Tourism entrepreneurship policy: a hybrid MCDM model combining DEMATEL and ANP (DANP). Decision Science Letters, 6(3), 233-250. Keat, O. Y., Selvarajah, C., & Meyer, D., 2011. Inclination toward entrepreneurship among university students: An empirical study of Malaysian university students. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2, 206–220. Kirzner, I., 1973. Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Knight, G., 2000. Entrepreneurship and marketing strategy: the SME under globalization. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 12–32. Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L., 2000. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15, 411–432. Kuratko, D. F., 2004. Entrepreneurship education in the 21st Century: From Legitimization to Leadership. USASBE National Conference (p. 16). Muncie. Retrieved from http://faculty.bus.olemiss.edu/dhawley/ PMBA622%20SP07/Sloan/L3_M11_Entre_Education.pdf (Accessed: 16 April 2020). Lavrakas, P.J., 1987. Telephone Survey Methods. Sampling, selection and supervision. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Lucky, E. O. I., 2013. Exploring the ineffectiveness of government policy on entrepreneurship in Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 19(4), 471-487. Lundstrom, A and LA Stevenson, 2005. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer, New York: ISEN International Studies in Entrepreneurship. Mahajar, A. J. B., 2012. Inclination toward entrepreneurship among Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris students. Journal of Global Business Management, 8, 248–256. Marcus, A., Crane L., 1986. Telephone surveys in public health research. Medical Care 24:2, 97-112. Meek,W.R., Pacheco, D. F.,&York, J. G., 2010. The impact of social norms on entrepreneurial action: Evidence from the environmental entrepreneurship context. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 493–509. Mohamed, Z., Rezai, G., Shamsudin, M. N., & Mahmud, M. M., 2012. Enhancing young graduates’ intention toward entrepreneurship development in Malaysia. Education C Training, 54, 605–618. Mohammadali, Z. M. and Abdulkhaliq, S. S., 2019. Prospects and Challenges of Entrepreneurship Development in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: An Overview. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 7(2), pp. 4-16. Doi: 10.2478/IJEK-2019-0006. Mohd, N. H. B. Y., Fakhrul, A. Z, and Mohamed, D. B. I., 2014. Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia’s Public Institutions of Higher Learning – A Review of the Current Practices. Canadian Center of Science and Education. Morris MH, Davis DL, Allen JW, 1994. Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: cross cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. J Int Bus Stud 25(1):65–89. Nazri, M. A., Aroosha, H., & Omar, N. A., 2016. Examination of factors affecting youths’ entrepreneurial intention: A cross-sectional study. Information Management and Business Review, 8(5), 14–24. Nian, T.Y., Bakar, R & Aminul-Islam, 2014. Students’ Perception on Entrepreneurship Education: The Case of Universiti Malaysia Perlis. International Education Studies. 7(10). 41-49. Niyazi, M., 2008. Sociological analysis of the factors affecting university women's entrepreneurship. Economy, Business and Society, 102: 6-57. O’Leary, Z., 2004. The essential guide to doing research. London: Sage. Pascoe, K., & Mortimer, K., 2014. Identifying entrepreneurs through risk taking behavior: illegal downloading. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 16, 183–199. Pinillos, M. J., and Luisa Reyes., 2011. Relationship between Individualist–Collectivist Culture and Entrepreneurial Activity: Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data. Small Business Economics 37: 23–37. Popescu, C. A., & Simion, P. C., 2012. Entrepreneurship Education and e-learning: A Perfect Match. Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 5(1), 203. Rahim, H. L. et al., 2015. Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia: A Critical Review. Journal of Technology Management and Business, 2(2). Available at: https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jtmb/article/view/1162 (Accessed: 20 April 2020). Ramalan, R. & Ngah, S., 2012. Teaching entrepreneurship at Universiti Kuala Lumpur-British Malaysian Institute: The students’ perception and mindset. International Journal of Future Computers and communication, 1(3): 242-244. Rasli, A., Khan, S. U. R., Malekifar, S., & Jabeen, S., 2013. Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention among graduate students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4, 182–188. Rasmussen, E. A., & Sørheim, R., 2006. Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation, 26, 185–194. Ritchie, B. & Brindley, C., 2000. Disintermediation, disintegration and risk in the SME global supply chain. Management Decision, 38(8), 575-583. Sanchez, J. C., 2013. The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 51, 447–465. Samad, N. A., 2007. Positioning Malaysian SMEs in the global. Proceedings of Persidangan Kebangsaan IKS 2007. Schott, T and KW Jensen, 2008. The coupling between entrepreneurship and public policy: Thigh in developed countries but loose in developing countries. Estudios du Economia, 35(2), 195–214. Schumpeter, J.A., 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press. Seidman, I., 2012. Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press. Smith, P., 2001. Action learning and reflective practice in project environments that are related to leadership development. Management Learning, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 31-48. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A., 2007. Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 566–591. Stephan, Ute, and L. M. Uhlaner. 2010. Performance-Based vs. Socially Supportive Culture: A CrossNational Study of Descriptive Norms and Entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies 41: 1347–1364. Stevenson, L., & Lundström, A., 2002. On the road to entrepreneurship policy. Entrepreneurship Policy for the Future Series, Vol. 1. Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research. Tan, M., & Teo, T. S. H., 2000. Factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 1(5), 1–42. The Sun Daily, 2019. Malaysia a true entrepreneurial nation by 2030. Available at: https://www.thesundaily.my/local/malaysia-a-true-entrepreneurial-nation-by-2030-YK1095032. (Accessed: 15 March 2020). Tsai, W. H., & Kuo, H. C., 2011. Entrepreneurship policy evaluation and decision analysis for SMEs. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(7), 8343-8351. University Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. Wennekers A, van Stel A, Thurik R, Reynolds P, 2005. Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development. Small Bus Econ 24:293–309. Yusoff, M. N. H., Zainol, F. A., & Ibrahim, M. D., 2014. Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia’s Public Institutions of Higher Learning—A Review of the Current Practices. International Education Studies, 8(1), 17–28. Zhao, H. & S.E. Seibert., 2006. The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A metaanalytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 259-271. Zhao, H., S.E. Seibert & G.T. Lumpkin., 2010. The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36, 381–404. citation: Yap, Keen Leong (2020) A Study of the Attitude of Malaysian Tertiary Education Students towards Entrepreneurship: Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Government Entrepreneurial Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture & Environment. Masters thesis, Griffith College. document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/360/1/Keen%20Leong%20Yap.pdf document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/360/2/Keen%20Leong%20Yap.txt