eprintid: 219 rev_number: 54 eprint_status: archive userid: 64 dir: disk0/00/00/02/19 datestamp: 2019-07-08 12:19:29 lastmod: 2019-07-08 12:19:29 status_changed: 2019-07-08 12:19:29 type: thesis metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Molony, Bronwyn title: A Content Analysis of the Way the Same Product is Advertised to Men and Women. ispublished: pub subjects: H1 subjects: HM divisions: fac_eng full_text_status: public keywords: Advertisements and analysis of magazines abstract: The purpose of this work was to see if there was a difference in the way the same product was advertised to men and women. Literature suggested that no study like this had been undertaken, and there was a lot of support within the literature to suggest that the answer to this question might be yes. The researcher undertook a content analysis of magazines that come with weekend newspapers to see if she could answer the question she was proposing. Her research found two things. Firstly, it found that products aimed at women are more likely to be advertised in magazines aimed at men and women as well as in women’s magazines. Secondly, it found that women appear more in advertisements aimed at both men and women than men do. The researcher draws these conclusions with some caution: her content analysis was small, coded by one person and due to time limitations not all of the advertisements were analysed under every heading. However, she must conclude that the answer to her question was yes, products for men and women are advertised differently but that this research has its limitations. date: 2018 date_type: published institution: Griffith College department: Journalism & Media Communications thesis_type: masters referencetext: Amazon (2017), Bic For Her Ball Pen - Black. Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/BiCHer-Ball-Pen-Black/dp/B004FTF6H4 (Accessed: 16th December 2017). Bahadur, N. (2018), “Dove ‘Real Beauty’ Campaign Turns 10: How A Brand Tried To Change The Conversation About Female Beauty”. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/21/dove-real-beauty-campaign-turns10_n_4575940.html (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Belam, M. (2018), Hair, hair: users applaud razor ad that shows women actually shaving. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/01/billie-womens-razorshair-ad-shaving. (Accessed: July 18, 2018). Blythe, J. (2008), Essentials of Marketing, 4th edition, Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited. Boots (2018a), Head and Shoulder Shampoo Classic Clean 500ml. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/head-and-shoulders-shampoo-classic-clean-500ml-10106829 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). Boots (2018b), Head and Shoulders Shampoo Smooth and Silky 500ml. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/head-and-shoulders-shampoo-smooth-and-silky-500ml-10106884 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). Boots (2018c), Head and Shoulders Men Ultra Hair Booster Shampoo 225ml. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/toiletries/mens-toiletries/mens-hair/head-and-shoulders-men-ultra-hairendurance-shampoo-10225217 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). Boots (2018d), Wilkinson Xtreme 3 Disposable Razors – Sensitive 8 Pack. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/wilkinson-sword-xtreme-3-disposable-razors-sensitive-8-pack-10017592 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). 63 Boots (2018e), Wilkinson Sword Xtreme 3 Beauty Disposable Razors 4s. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/toiletries/skincare-female-hair-removal/wilkinson-sword-xtreme-3beauty-disposable-razors-4s-10054709 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). Boots (2018f), Wilkinson Extra 2 Beauty Disposable Razors 10s. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/toiletries/skincare-female-hair-removal/wilkinson-sword-extra-2-beautydisposable-razors-10s-10044415 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). Boots (2018g), Wilkinson Sword Extra 2 Sensitive Men’s Disposable Razors x20. Available at: http://www.boots.ie/wilkinson-sword-extra-2-disposable-razors-sensitive-20-pack10057014 (Accessed: May 31, 2018). Boots (2018h), Search: Venus Embrace. Available at: https://www.boots.ie/search/venus+embrace (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Boots (2018i), Prada Candy. Available at: https://www.boots.ie/fragrance/perfume/allperfume/prada-candy-eau-de-parfum-50ml (Accessed: July 21, 2018). Boots (2018j), Mont Blanc Legend. Available at: https://www.boots.ie/fragrance/aftershave/mens-aftershave/montblanc-legend-eau-de-toilette50ml (Accessed: July 21, 2018). Boots (2018k), Missoni Pour Homme. Available at: https://www.boots.ie/fragrance/aftershave/mens-aftershave/montblanc-legend-eau-de-toilette50ml (Accessed: July 21, 2018). Boots (2018l), Chanel No. 5. Available at: https://www.boots.ie/chanel/chanel-ladiesfragrances/chanel-no5/chanel-no5-leau-spray-50ml-10215462 (Accessed: July 22, 2018). Boots (2018m), Chanel Pour Monsieur. Available at: https://www.boots.ie/chanel-pourmonsieur-eau-de-toilette-spray-50ml-10012610 (Accessed: July 22, 2018). Boseley, S. (2018), “‘Listen to women’: UK doctors issued with first guidance on endometriosis”. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/sep/06/listen-towomen-uk-doctors-issued-with-first-guidance-on-endometriosis (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Boyd, T.C., Boyd, C.J. and Greenlee, T.B. (2003), “A Means to an End: Slim Hopes and Cigarette Advertising”, Health Promotion Practice, 4(3), pp. 266-277. Bramley, E.V. (2018), “Female orgasms v ‘hydra power’: why toiletries are the last bastion of sexist advertising”. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/shortcuts/2018/jul/17/female-orgasms-vs-hydra-powerwhy-toiletries-are-the-last-bastion-of-sexist-advertising (Accessed: July 19, 2018). Bryman, A. (2007) “Barriers to Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research”, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), p. 8-22. Central Statistics Office (2017), Women and Men in Ireland 2016, Available at: http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/pwamii/womenandmeninireland2016/introduction/ (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Conley, T.D. and Ramsey, L.R. (2011), “Killing Us Softly? Investigating Portrayals of Women and Men in Contemporary Magazine Advertisements”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3), pp. 469 - 478. Chack, E. (2014), “21 Pointlessly Gendered Products”. Available at: https://www.buzzfeed.com/erinchack/pointlessly-genderedproducts?utm_term=.jqa0n8aNMV#.mbVzvRjG1q (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Dermalex (2018a), Dermalex Rosacea Cream. Available at: https://www.dermalex.co.uk/product/dermalex-rosacea-cream (Accessed: July 22, 2018). Dermalex (2018b), Dermalex Acne. Available at: https://www.dermalex.co.uk/product/acneskin-treatment-cream (Accessed: July 22, 2018). Dr Sebagh (2018), UK Press. Available at: https://www.drsebagh.com/in-the-press/uk-press (Accessed: July 22, 2018). Gartland, F. (2017), “Gender pay gap is widening in Ireland, CSO figures show”. Available at: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/gender-pay-gap-is-widening-in-irelandcso-figures-show-1.3260896 (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Gentry, J. and Harrison, R. (2010), “Is advertising a barrier to male movement towards gender change?”, Marketing Theory, 10(1), pp. 74-96. Google (2018), Conversion Calculator. Available at: https://www.google.ie/search?q=8+pounds+in+euros&oq=8+pounds&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j6 9i57j0l4.5938j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Harris, M. (2015), “Does Color Even Exist?” Available at: https://newrepublic.com/article/121843/philosophy-color-perception (Accessed: July 18, 2018). Harry’s (2018a), Our Story. Available at: https://www.harrys.com/en/gb/our-story (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Harry’s (2018b), Shave Supplies. Available at: https://www.harrys.com/en/gb/products#shave-supplies (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Harry’s, (2018c), Razor Blades. Available at: https://www.harrys.com/en/gb/products/harrysblades?h_id=603&h_position=2&h_list=shave-supplies (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Kirkham, P. and Attfield, J. (1996), ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-11 in Kirkham, P. (ed) The Gendered Object, Manchester: Manchester University Press. Komar, M. (2016), “100 Years of Shaving Ads Show How We’ve Been Tricked Into Going Hairless – PHOTOTS”. Available at: https://www.bustle.com/articles/137072-100-years-of shaving-ads-show-how-weve-been-tricked-into-going-hairless-photos (Accessed: July 16, 2018). Koteyko, I. (2015), “The Language of Press Advertising in the UK: A Multi-dimensional Study”, Journal of English Linguistics, 43(4), pp. 259 - 283. Lacy, S., Watson, B.R., Riffe, D. and Lovejoy, J. (2015), “Issues and Best Practices in Content Analysis”, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(4), pp. 791-811. Lee, T., O’Riordan, D. Swetter, S. Demierre, M.F, Brooks. K.and Geller, A. (2006), “Sun Care Advertising in Popular U.S Magazines”, The Science of Health Promotion, 20(5), pp. 349 - 352. Merriam-Webster (2018), Semiotics Definition. Available at: https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/semiotics (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Morgan, D.L. (2018), “Living Within Blurry Boundaries: The Value of Distinguishing Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research”, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 12(3), pp. 268-279. Mullany, L. (2004), “‘Become the man that women desire’: gender identities and dominant discourses in email advertising languages”, Language and Literature, 13(4), pp. 291-305. New York City Department of Consumer Affairs (2015), From Cradle to Crane: The Cost of Being a Female Consumer. Available at: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/dca/partners/genderpricing-study.page (Accessed: July 20, 2018) Robinson, B.K and Hunter, E. (2008), “Is Mom Still Doing It All? Reexamining Depictions of Family Work in Popular Advertising”, Journal of Family Issues, 29(4), pp. 465 - 486. RTE (2018), Find a Show. Available at: https://2fm.rte.ie/#work (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Sandhu, N. and Singh, D. (2017), “Gender Contamination in Indian Automobile Advertisements: Male Acceptance or Alienation?”, Paradigm, 21(2), pp. 139-155. Tartaglia, S. and Rollero, C. (2015), “Gender Stereotyping in Newspaper Advertisements: A Cross Cultural Study”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(8), pp.1103 - 1109. Today FM (2018), Shows. Available at: https://www.todayfm.com/friday-radio-shows (Accessed: July 20, 2018). Torronen, J. and Rolando, S. (2017), “Women’s changing responsibilities and pleasures as consumers: An analysis of alcohol-related advertisements in Finnish, Italian and Swedish Women’s magazines from the 1960s to the 2000,” Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), pp. 794-822. Tuttle, B. (2016), “12 Products Marketed to One Gender for No Good Reason”. Available at: http://time.com/money/4360406/gender-marketing-products-pen-laundry-yogurt/ (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Vanska, A. (2005), “Why are there no lesbian advertisements?”, Feminist Theory, 6(1), pp. 67-85. Victoria and Albert Museum of Childhood (2017), Boy’s Dress. Available at: http://www.vam.ac.uk/moc/collections/boys-dress/ (Accessed: July 23, 2018). Wilson, B. (2017), “Why we fell for clean eating”. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/11/why-we-fell-for-clean-eating (Accessed: July 16, 2018). citation: Molony, Bronwyn (2018) A Content Analysis of the Way the Same Product is Advertised to Men and Women. Masters thesis, Griffith College. document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/219/1/MAJMC-Bronwyn%20Molony%20%282018%29.pdf document_url: http://go.griffith.ie/219/4/Bibliography.txt