Bibliography 


Abrahamian, E. (2003) The US media, Huntington and September 11. Third World Quarterly, 24 (3), pp 529–544 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: https://sites.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/Abrahamian_Clash.pdf (Accessed 24 July 2018). 

Barrat, D. (1986) – Media and Sociology. Bristol: Routledge. 

Barker, J. (2013) The Clash of Civilisations – twenty years on. Bristol: e-International Relations. 

Bauman, Z. (2001) Community: seeking safety in an insecure world. Cambridge: Politic Press. 

Bauman, Z. (2008) Liquid Fear. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar. 

Buzan, B. and Hansen, L. (2009) The Evolution of International Security Studies 1st Edition. 

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
Cambridge English Dictionary (2007) 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press. 

Carr, J. and Haynes, A. (2013) A clash of radicalizations: The policing of “race” and antiMuslim racism in Ireland, 41 (1), pp. 21-40 SAGE [Online]. Available at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0896920513492805 (Accessed: 05 July 2018). 

Carr, J. `From Suspect to Suspecting: Muslim Communities in Ireland and The Irish Gaze` in Seyyed-Abdolhamid, M. and Hossein, R. (eds.) Instances of Islamophobia: Demonizing the Muslim "Other"`. Lexington Books: London, pp. 53-66. 

Carr, J.(2017) `Islamophobia, Anti-Muslim Racism and Conceptions of Irish Homogeneity` in Haynes, A., Schweppe, J. and Taylor, S. (eds.) Critical Perspectives on Hate Crime: Contributions from the Island of Ireland. Palgrave Macmillan: United Kingdom, pp. 253-274. 
  
Carr, J. (2015)  Media, Islamophobia and Ireland: Constructing different shades of green in Haynes, A., Power, M. J., Devereux, E., Dellane, A. and Carr, J. (eds.) Public and political discourses of migration. Rowman and Littlefield: London, pp. 29-41. 

Chomsky, N. (2001) 09-11. New York: Seven Stories Press. 

Chomsky, N. and Herman, E. (2002) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Vintage International. 

Chomsky, N. (2013) Media Control: the spectacular achievements of propaganda. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes. 

Chomsky, N. (2003) Power and Terror. New York: Paradigm Publishers. 

Clarke, R. (2004) Against all the enemies. São Paulo: Francis. 

Curran, J. (1991). Mass Media and Democracy: A Reappraisal. In J. Curran and M. Gurevitch (eds.). Mass Media and Society. London: Edward Arnold. 

Cushion, S. (2012) The Democratic Value of News. Hampshire: Palgrave McMillan. 

Exoo, C. (2010) The Pen and the Sword: Press, War and Terror in the 21st Century. London: SAGE Publications. 

Fisk, R. (2007) The great war for civilisation: the conquest of the Middle East. São Paulo: Planeta do Brasil. Folha de Sao Paulo – Know the Folha group. Available at: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/institucional/en/ (Accessed 03 June 2018). 

Foley, M. (2001) `Newspapers freeze the day the world stood still Television, radio and newspapers have been consumed by the attack on America`, The Irish Times - 17 September [Online]. Available at: https://www.irishtimes.com/topics/topics-7.1213540?article=true&tag_person=Michael+Foley (Accessed: 20 July 2018). 

Foucault, M. (2014) Religion and Culture. São Paulo: Record. 
  
Furedi, F. (2007) `The only thing we have to fear is the ‘culture of fear’ itself`, Research Gate [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256691800_Grupp_Stefanie_The_Political_Im_plications_of_A_Discourse_of_Fear_MA_Thesis_New_York_University_2002 (Accessed: 15 July 2018).  

Gallup (2015) Americans Name Terrorism as No. 1 U.S. Problem [Online]. Available at: https://news.gallup.com/poll/187655/americans-name-terrorism-no-problem.aspx (Accessed: 20 July 2018). 

Gallup (2017) Terrorism, Migration Trouble Many in Europe [Online]. Available at: https://news.gallup.com/poll/212405/terrorism-migration-trouble-europe.aspx (Accessed: 20 July 2018). 

Garnham, N. (1986). The Media and The Public Sphere publish in Communicating Politics: Mass Communications and the Political Process – The Media and The Public Sphere. Leicester: Leicester University Press. 

Glasnner, B. (2003) The culture of fear. São Paulo: Francis. 

Gomes, I. (2014) `Coverage of Islam – marginal and moral narratives`. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação (Brazilian Science Communication Magazine). São Paulo: INTERCOM, 37(01), pp.71-89. 

Goolan, N. `Understanding Islam and Islamophobia Today` in Seyyed-Abdolhamid, M. and Hossein, R. (eds.) Instances of Islamophobia: Demonizing the Muslim "Other". Lexington Books: London, pp. 111-122. 

Grupp, S. (2002) `The Political Implications of A Discourse of Fear`,  Research Gate [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stefanie_Grupp_Clasby/publication/256691800_Grupp_Stefanie_The_Political_Implications_of_A_Discourse_of_Fear_MA_Thesis_New_York_University_2002/links/004635239c940a0faa000000/

Grupp-Stefanie-The-Political-Implications-of-A-Discourse-of-Fear-MA-Thesis-New-York University-2002.pdf?origin=publication_detail (Accessed: 15 July 2018). 
  
Guerin, P. (2002) `Racism and the media in Ireland: Setting the anti-immigration agenda` in Lenin, R. and McVeigh, R. (eds.) Racism and anti-racism in Ireland. Belfast: Beyond the Pale: Belfast, pp 47-72. 

Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: Polity. 

Hall, S. (1997) REPRESENTATION Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE Publications. 

Harriman, G. (2015) A Brief History of Anxiety & Fear. Available at: https://explorable.com/e/history-of-anxiety-and-fear (Accessed: 20 July 2018). 

Hsieh, H. and Shannon (2005), E. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis, 15 (9) pp. 1277-1288 SAGE [Online]. Available at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1049732305276687 (Accessed 15 July 2018). 

Kane, E. (2001) Doing Your Own Research, London: Marion Boyars. 

Karim, H. (2002) `Making sense of the “Islamic peril”: journalism as cultural practice` in Zelizer, B. and Allan, S. (eds.) Journalism after September 11. London: Routledge. 

Kishan, D. and Freedman, D. ( 2003) War and The Media. London: SAGE Publications. 

Murdock, G. and Golding, P. (2005). `Culture, Communications and Political Economy`. In Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M.(eds) Mass Media and Society – 4th edition. London: Hodden Books. 

Noelle-Neuman, E. and Mathes, R. (1987) The `Event as an Event` and the `Event as a News`: The significance of `Consonance` for Media Effects Research, 2 (4), pp. 391-414 SAGE [Online]. Available at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0267323187002004002  (Accessed: 05 July 2018). 

Oxford English Dictionary (1998) 3rd edition. Oxford University Press. 
  
Pain, R. (2009) Globalized fear? Towards an emotional geopolitics. 33 (4), pp. 466-486 SAGE [Online]. Available at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0309132508104994  (Accessed: 20 July 2018).  

Queiroz, A. (2015) `The Westernisation of information`. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação (Brazilian Science Communication Magazine). Rio de Janeiro: INTERCOM, 39(01), pp.105-128. 

Said, E. (1997) Covering Islam. How to medians and the experts determine how we see in the rest of the world. London: Vintage Books. 

Said, E. (1995) Orientalism. London: Penguin Books. 

Taylor, A. (2011) `9/11: The Day of the Attacks`, The Atlantic, 08 September [Online]. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2011/09/911-the-day-of-the-attacks/100143/ (Accessed: 20 July 2018). 

The Irish Times – About The Irish Times. Available at: https://www.irishtimes.com/about-us/the-irish-times-trust#irishtimes (Accessed 03 June 2018). 

Wainberg, J. Pen, (2007) Ink and Islam: the idea of war and Islam. Porto Alegre: EdiPUCRS. 

Wainberg. J. (2005) Media and Terror: communication and political violence. São Paulo: Paulus. 

Wainberg, J. (2008) `Terrorism, Islamic fundamentalism and Brazilian`s social imaginary`. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação (Brazilian Science Communication Magazine). São Paulo: INTERCOM, 31 (02), pp.165-185.   














..................................................................